雅思單字：工作與職業
工作與職業貫穿雅思考試的各個部分。口語 Part 1 常以"Do you work or are you a student?"開場，Part 3 可能討論工作滿意度、居家辦公或 employment 的未來。寫作 Task 2 可能問：人們是否應該一輩子為同一個 employer 工作？高 salary 是否比有趣的工作更重要？
本詞組涵蓋求職、工作和離職的詞彙。求職階段：vacancy、applicant、candidate、interview、recruit、recruitment。工作本身：occupation、profession、colleague、manager、staff、workforce。薪酬與條件：salary、wage、income、pension、overtime、shift。salary 通常指固定年薪，wage 多按小時或周計算——區分二者能讓回答更精確。
現代工作方式是熱門話題。freelance、part-time 工作，flexible 工作時間，漫長的 commute，都是考生可以結合親身經驗談論的內容。productivity 和 efficiency 適合討論遠程辦公的利弊，teamwork 和 leadership 描述僱主看重的能力；年輕人初入職場則可以用 internship 和 apprentice。
離職方式也有講究：resign 是主動辭職，retire 是因年齡退休，redundancy 是因崗位不再需要而被裁員。用對詞能體現你對話題的真正掌握。還要注意搭配：apply for a job、gain experience、earn a promotion、meet a deadline。
每天學一點：今天學的新詞明天隔夜複習，熟悉的詞複習頻率越來越低，精力集中在需要的地方。每次學完，用一分鐘口頭描述你現在的工作或理想工作，儘量自然地用上本詞組的單字。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| employment | /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ | n. | having a job; work done for money | n. 就業；受僱；工作；n. 使用；運用 | B1 |
| unemployment | /.ʌnim'plɒimənt/ | n. | the number of people in an area who want to work but do not have a job | n. 失業, 失業人數 | L2 |
| employer | /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ | n. | person or firm that pays people to work for them | n. 僱主；用人單位 | B1 |
| employee | /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ | n. | person who works for someone else for payment | n. 僱員；員工 | A2 |
| career | /kəˈrɪə/ | n. | particular occupation in professional life | n. 職業；職業生涯；v. 飛馳；猛衝 | A2 |
| occupation | /ˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən/ | n. | a career or regular job | n. 職業；工作；n. 軍事佔領 | B1 |
| profession | /prəˈfeʃən/ | n. | job requiring special education or skills | n. 職業；專業性職業；n. 某職業的全體從業者 | B1 |
| professional | /prəˈfeʃənəl/ | adj. | about a job such as a doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc. | adj. 專業的；職業的；adj. 專業得體的；稱職的 | B1 |
| salary | /ˈsæləri/ | n. | money an employee is paid each year | n. 薪水；薪金 | A2 |
| wage | /weɪdʒ/ | n. | money paid to workers for the hours they worked | n. 工資；工錢；v. 開展；發動 | B1 |
| income | /ˈɪnkʌm/ | n. | earned money from work, investments, or business | n. 收入；收益 | B1 |
| promotion | /prəu'məuʃən/ | n. | moving someone to a more important position | n. 晉級, 創建, 增進 | L2 |
| recruit | /rɪˈkruːt/ | v. | to get people to come and work, join, or study with you | v. 招聘；招募；n. 新員工；新成員；新兵 | B2 |
| recruitment | /rɪˈkruːtmənt/ | n. | the process of finding people to join an organisation | n. 招聘；招募 | B2 |
| colleague | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | n. | someone who works with you; coworker | n. 同事；同僚 | A2 |
| manager | /ˈmænɪdʒə/ | n. | person who controls and runs a business or group | n. 經理；管理者 | A2 |
| management | /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ | n. | people who are in control of a business or group | n. 管理；經營；n. 管理層；管理人員 | B1 |
| staff | /stɑːf/ | n. | employees of a company | n. 全體員工；工作人員；v. 為…配備員工 | B1 |
| workforce | n. | n the force of workers available | n. 勞動力；工人總數, 職工總數 | L2 | |
| labour | /'leibə/ | n. | n a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages; n concluding state of pregnancy | n. 勞動, 努力, 工作, 勞工, 分娩；v. 勞動, 努力, 苦幹 | L3 |
| retire | /rɪˈtaɪə/ | v. | to stop working because you have reached a certain age | v. 退休；退役；v. 退出比賽 | B1 |
| retirement | /ri'taiəmənt/ | n. | time when someone has stopped working because of their age | n. 退休, 隱居, 撤退 | L1 |
| pension | /'penʃən/ | n. | regular payments you receive after you retire | n. 養老金, 退休金, 津貼, 年金, 撫卹金, 膳宿學校, 膳宿費；v. 發給退休金, 用津貼拉攏 | L2 |
| contract | /ˈkɒntrækt/ | n. | legal agreement (e.g., for doing work for money) | n. 合同；契約；v. 收縮；縮小 | B2 |
| freelance | /ˈfriːlɑːns/ | adj. | Working independently for different clients rather than one employer | adj. 自由職業的；adv. 以自由職業方式 | B2 |
| part-time | /ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/ | adj. | Involving fewer hours than a full working or studying week | adj. 兼職的；非全日制的；adv. 兼職地；非全日制地 | A2 |
| overtime | /ˈəʊvətaɪm/ | n. | Extra working hours, or the money paid for them | n. 加班時間；加班費；adv. 加班地 | B2 |
| shift | /ʃɪft/ | v. | to change in position or direction | v. 移動；轉變；n. 轉變；變化 | B2 |
| productivity | /.prəudʌk'tiviti/ | n. | rate at which something is made or that people work | n. 生產力 | L2 |
| efficiency | /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ | n. | working well; producing something without waste | n. 效率；效能 | B2 |
| skilled | /skɪld/ | adj. | Having the training and ability to do something well | adj. 熟練的；有技能的；adj. 需要專門技能的 | B2 |
| unskilled | /.ʌn'skild/ | adj. | not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency | adj. 無(特殊)技能的, 不熟練的, 拙劣的 | L3 |
| apprentice | /ə'prentis/ | n. | works for an expert to learn a trade; be or work as an apprentice | n. 學徒, 生手；v. 使做學徒 | L3 |
| internship | /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ | n. | A temporary job providing practical experience in a particular field | n. 實習崗位；實習期 | B2 |
| interview | /ˈɪntəvjuː/ | n. | to formally ask questions about a given topic | n. 面試；面談；n. 採訪；訪談 | A2 |
| resign | /rɪˈzaɪn/ | v. | to leave a job because you want to | v. 辭職；辭去；v. 使自己接受不如意的事 | B2 |
| redundancy | /rɪˈdʌndənsi/ | n. | Job loss because an employer no longer needs the position | n. 裁員；職位撤銷；n. 冗餘；多餘重複 | C1 |
| promote | /prəˈməʊt/ | v. | to try to encourage the popularity and sales of a product | v. 促進；提倡；v. 晉升；提拔 | B1 |
| workplace | /ˈwɜːkpleɪs/ | n. | A place where people do their jobs | n. 工作場所 | B1 |
| job | /dʒɒb/ | n. | regular work of earning money | n. 工作；職位；n. 任務；活兒 | A1 |
| vacancy | /ˈveɪkənsi/ | n. | A job or position available for someone to fill | n. 職位空缺；n. 空房；可用客房 | B2 |
| applicant | /ˈæplɪkənt/ | n. | Someone who formally requests a job, place, or permission | n. 申請人 | B2 |
| candidate | /ˈkændɪdət/ | n. | a person being considered for a job or position in office | n. 候選人；求職者；n. 應試者 | B2 |
| experience | /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ | n. | knowledge gained by living life, doing new things | n. 經驗；n. 經歷；體驗 | A2 |
| leadership | /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ | n. | quality of being able to guide or influence others | n. 領導能力；領導；n. 領導層 | B2 |
| teamwork | /ˈtiːmwɜːk/ | n. | People working together effectively to achieve a shared goal | n. 團隊合作 | B2 |
| deadline | /ˈdedlaɪn/ | n. | a date or time before which something must be done | n. 截止日期；最後期限 | B2 |
| commute | /kəˈmjuːt/ | v. | To travel regularly between home and work | v. 通勤；往返上班；n. 通勤路程 | B2 |
| flexible | /ˈfleksəbl/ | adj. | capable of being easily bent or changed without breaking | adj. 靈活的；可調整的；adj. 柔韌的；易彎曲的 | B2 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明：選取部分欄位，釋義精簡，中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
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