雅思單字:城市與住房
城市與住房是雅思的重要主題,尤其是在全球越來越多人口居住在城市的背景下。寫作 Task 2 可能涉及交通 congestion、housing 成本上漲,或人們是否應從農村遷往 city。寫作 Task 1 常出現城鎮變遷地圖題,需要描述建築、道路和設施的詞彙。
本詞組提供關於地點、人群和問題的詞彙。對比 urban、rural、suburb、suburban,較小的聚居地用 town 和 village。住房:housing、accommodation、apartment、residential、resident。注意 accommodation 在英式英語中不可數:"There is not enough affordable accommodation for students." 社區生活:neighbourhood(英式拼寫)、facility、amenity——amenities 指公園、圖書館等讓生活更便利舒適的設施。
交通題需要 congestion、traffic、transport、transportation、commuter、pedestrian、vehicle、highway。例如:"Pedestrian zones in the city centre reduce congestion and make shopping more pleasant." 描述城市擴張及其問題,可以用 density、overcrowded、crowded、noise、slum。
地圖題和城市規劃題會用到 construction、architecture、building、skyscraper、planning、development、landscape。例如:"Between 2000 and 2020, the farmland to the north was replaced by a residential development." 這些詞能幫你清晰、準確地描述變化。
城市詞彙也常出現在聽力的地圖和平面圖題中,錄音會介紹校園、公園或新建住宅區的佈局。提前掌握 pedestrian、residential、facility 等詞,能讓你更輕鬆地跟上方位描述,並正確拼寫答案。
每天進行簡短練習:今天學的詞明天隔夜複習,之後間隔逐步拉長。每次學完,用五句話描述你居住的區域,提到住房、交通和設施,並使用本詞組的單字。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| city | /ˈsɪti/ | n. | a heavily populated area with many buildings and roads | n. 城市;都市 | A1 |
| urban | /ˈɜːbən/ | adj. | concerning a city; located in a city | adj. 城市的;城鎮的 | B2 |
| rural | /ˈrʊərəl/ | adj. | relating to parts of a country that are outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, etc. | adj. 農村的;鄉村的 | B2 |
| suburb | /ˈsʌbɜːb/ | n. | A mainly residential area outside a city's central part | n. 城郊;近郊住宅區 | B1 |
| suburban | /sə'bə:bən/ | adj. | relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs | adj. 郊外的, 郊區的, (貶)偏狹的, 土氣的, 見識不廣的;n. 郊區居民 | L2 |
| town | /taʊn/ | n. | small city | n. 城鎮;市鎮;n. 市中心;商業區 | A1 |
| village | /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ | n. | small town in the country | n. 村莊;n. 全村居民 | A1 |
| housing | /'hausiŋ/ | n. | structures collectively in which people are housed; a protective cover designed to contain or support a mechanical component | n. 遮蓋, 住房供給, 居留(處), 房屋, 裝飾 | L1 |
| accommodation | /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən/ | n. | a place to stay, often a hotel | n. 住處;住宿;n. 和解;遷就性安排 | B1 |
| apartment | /əˈpɑːtmənt/ | n. | set of rooms to live in on one floor of a building | n. 公寓;套房 | A2 |
| residential | /.rezi'denʃəl/ | adj. | used or designed for residence or limited to residences; of or relating to or connected with residence | adj. 住宅的, 與居住有關的 | L2 |
| resident | /ˈrezɪdənt/ | n. | someone who lives in a particular place | n. 居民;住戶;adj. 居住的;常駐的 | B2 |
| neighbourhood | /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ | n. | An area around people's homes within a town or city | n. 街區;附近地區;n. 街坊鄰里 | A2 |
| congestion | /kənˈdʒestʃən/ | n. | a situation where overcrowding prevents easy movement | n. 交通擁堵;擁塞;n. 鼻塞;充血 | B2 |
| traffic | /ˈtræfɪk/ | n. | amount of activity over a communication system | n. 交通;路上車輛;n. 通信量;網絡流量 | A2 |
| transport | /ˈtrænspɔːt/ | n. | to carry things from one place to another | n. 交通運輸;交通工具;v. 運輸;運送 | A2 |
| transportation | /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən/ | n. | act, system, or business of moving people or goods from one place to another | n. 運輸;交通運輸系統 | B1 |
| commuter | /kə'mju:tə/ | n. | a passenger train that is ridden primarily by passengers who travel regularly from one place to another; someone who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city | n. 乘公共車輛上下班者, 月季票乘客 | L2 |
| pedestrian | /pəˈdestriən/ | n. | a person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle | n. 行人;adj. 行人的;供步行的 | B2 |
| vehicle | /ˈviːəkl/ | n. | machine (such as a car) that is used to carry things | n. 車輛;交通工具;n. 媒介;表達工具 | B1 |
| highway | /ˈhaɪweɪ/ | n. | a main public road connecting towns or cities | n. 公路;幹道 | B1 |
| facility | /fəˈsɪləti/ | n. | piece of equipment or buildings with a special use | n. 設施;專用場所;n. 功能;服務 | B2 |
| amenity | /ə'mi:niti/ | n. | n pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions | n. 便利設施, 適意, 禮儀 | L3 |
| density | /'densiti/ | n. | number of people or things in a particular area | n. 密度 | L2 |
| overcrowded | /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ | adj. | v cause to crowd together too much; v crowd together too much | adj. 擠滿的; 過度擁擠的;v. 擁擠(overcrowd的過去式和過去分詞) | L3 |
| construction | /kənˈstrʌkʃən/ | n. | act of building something; thing that is built | n. 建設;建造;n. 建造物;構造物 | B2 |
| architecture | /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/ | n. | design and construction of buildings | n. 建築學;建築設計;n. 建築風格 | B1 |
| building | /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ | n. | a structure with walls and a roof | n. 建築物;樓房;n. 建築;建造 | A1 |
| skyscraper | /ˈskaɪskreɪpə/ | n. | An extremely tall building with many floors | n. 摩天大樓 | B1 |
| planning | n. | an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action; the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise | n. 計劃的制訂, 策劃, 設計, 規劃 | L1 | |
| crowded | /ˈkraʊdɪd/ | adj. | Containing so many people or things that little space remains | adj. 擁擠的;擠滿的 | A2 |
| noise | /nɔɪz/ | n. | a loud or unpleasant sound | n. 噪音;響聲 | A2 |
| slum | /slʌm/ | n. | a poor urban area with overcrowded housing in bad condition | n. 貧民窟 | B2 |
| development | /dɪˈveləpmənt/ | n. | act or process of growing bigger or more advanced | n. 發展;發育;n. 開發;研製 | B1 |
| landscape | /ˈlændskeɪp/ | n. | a large area of countryside or land that has a particular quality or appearance | n. 風景;地貌;n. 局面;格局 | B2 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明:選取部分欄位,釋義精簡,中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
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