雅思單字:食物與農業
食物與農業把個人習慣和全球議題聯繫在一起,所以在雅思中很常見。口語 Part 1 可能問你平時吃什麼、喜不喜歡做飯;寫作 Task 2 則可能涉及快餐、vegetarian 飲食、世界 hunger 問題,或 genetically modified 作物的使用。好的回答能在廚房和農田之間自如切換。
本詞組整理了關於生產、購買和食用食物的詞彙。農業:agriculture、agricultural、farm、farmer、farming、crop、harvest、cultivate、livestock、cattle、grain、wheat、rice、irrigation、fertiliser、soil。注意英式拼寫 fertiliser;produce 作名詞時指新鮮農產品,如 local produce(重音在第一個音節)。
食物與飲食:ingredient、recipe、meal、snack、protein、fat、sugar、beverage,以及 vegetarian 和 vegan。vegetarian 不吃肉,vegan 不食用任何動物製品,這個區別值得用準。processed 食品是常見作文話題:"Processed food is cheap and convenient, but it often contains too much sugar and fat."
全球議題需要 hunger、famine、supermarket,有關科技的討論則用 genetically modified:"Genetically modified crops could reduce hunger, but some people worry about their long-term effects." restaurant 和 fast food 則補全了現代飲食習慣的圖景。
食物話題也很適合練習因果表達。例如:"Because farmers use more fertiliser, harvests have grown, but soil quality has declined in some regions." 用 because、so、but 把兩三個話題詞連接起來,就能寫出高分段需要的完整、有邏輯的長句。
每天進行簡短練習:今天遇到的詞明天隔夜複習,隨著熟悉程度間隔逐漸拉長。每次學完,描述一道你家鄉的傳統菜,列出配料並說明做法,使用本詞組的單字。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| food | /fuːd/ | n. | what people and animals eat to live | n. 食物;食品 | A1 |
| agriculture | /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | n. | the science of farming | n. 農業 | B2 |
| agricultural | /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ | adj. | concerning farming | adj. 農業的;農用的 | B2 |
| farm | /fɑːm/ | n. | land used for growing crops or raising animals | n. 農場;v. 務農;耕種;養殖 | A1 |
| farmer | /ˈfɑːmə/ | n. | someone who owns or looks after farm, a place for growing crops and keeping animals | n. 農民;農場主 | A1 |
| farming | /ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ | n. | Growing crops or raising animals for food and other products | n. 農業;農場經營 | B1 |
| crop | /krɒp/ | n. | plants grown on a farm for food (e.g., corn or rice) | n. 莊稼;農作物;n. 一季的收成 | B1 |
| harvest | /ˈhɑːvɪst/ | n. | the time of year to bring crops in from the fields | n. 收割;收成;v. 收割;採收 | B2 |
| cultivate | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | v. | To prepare land for crops or grow plants | v. 耕作;栽培;v. 培養;發展 | C1 |
| livestock | /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ | n. | farm animals kept for food, materials, or work | n. 牲畜;家畜 | B2 |
| cattle | /ˈkætl/ | n. | cows or bulls on a farm | n. 牛;牛群 | B1 |
| grain | /ɡreɪn/ | n. | seeds of plants used for food | n. 穀物;糧食;n. 顆粒;細粒 | B1 |
| wheat | /wiːt/ | n. | a kind of grain that is used to make flour for bread | n. 小麥 | B1 |
| rice | /raɪs/ | n. | white or brown grains from a plant used for food | n. 大米;米飯;稻 | A1 |
| irrigation | /ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃən/ | n. | supplying land with water using pipes | n. 灌溉 | C1 |
| fertiliser | /'fə:tilaizə/ | n any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile | L3 | ||
| soil | /sɔɪl/ | n. | top layer of earth in which plants grow | n. 土壤;v. 弄髒 | B1 |
| produce | /prəˈdjuːs/; /ˈprɒdjuːs/ | v. | to manufacture something using machines | v. 生產;創作;v. 產生;引起 | B1 |
| processed | adj. | subjected to a special process or treatment; prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process | adj. 處理的, 加工過的 | L3 | |
| ingredient | /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ | n. | one of the foods used to prepare a dish | n. 配料;食材;n. 要素;因素 | B1 |
| recipe | /ˈresəpi/ | n. | directions for making something | n. 食譜;烹飪方法;n. 促成某結果的方法或因素 | B1 |
| meal | /miːl/ | n. | food for eating at a particular time (e.g., dinner) | n. 一餐;一頓飯 | A1 |
| snack | /snæk/ | n. | A small amount of food eaten between main meals | n. 零食;小吃;v. 吃零食;吃點心 | A2 |
| vegetarian | /ˌvedʒɪˈteəriən/ | n. | A person who does not eat meat or fish | n. 素食者;adj. 素食的;不含肉魚的 | B1 |
| vegan | /ˈviːɡən/ | n. | Someone who avoids animal foods and usually other animal products | n. 純素食者;adj. 純素的;不含動物製品的 | B2 |
| protein | /ˈprəʊtiːn/ | n. | a substance found in some foods, such as meat, that is needed by the body to stay healthy | n. 蛋白質 | B2 |
| fat | /fæt/ | n. | oily part of meat | n. 脂肪;食用油脂;adj. 肥胖的;肥的 | A2 |
| sugar | /ˈʃʊɡə/ | n. | white sweet substance used to make foods sweeter | n. 糖;食糖 | A1 |
| beverage | /ˈbevərɪdʒ/ | n. | A drink, such as tea, juice, or coffee | n. 飲料 | B2 |
| restaurant | /ˈrestrɒnt/ | n. | place where you can order, buy and eat a meal | n. 餐館;餐廳 | A1 |
| fast | /fɑːst/ | adj. | moving or able to move quickly | adj. 快速的;adv. 迅速地;快 | A1 |
| hunger | /ˈhʌŋɡə/ | n. | feeling of needing to eat food | n. 飢餓;食物匱乏;n. 渴望 | B1 |
| famine | /ˈfæmɪn/ | n. | a severe shortage of food affecting many people | n. 饑荒 | B2 |
| genetically | adv. | caused or controlled, or by genes | adv. 創始, 遺傳學, 生殖, 基因, 遺傳, 發生 | L2 | |
| modified | /ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/ | adj. | Changed partly to suit a purpose or improve how something works | adj. 經修改的;經調整的 | B2 |
| supermarket | /ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt/ | n. | a large shop selling food and other everyday goods | n. 超級市場;超市 | A1 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明:選取部分欄位,釋義精簡,中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
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