雅思單字:經濟與金錢
雅思中的經濟題通常關乎日常生活而非理論:貧富差距是否在擴大?政府是否應提高 taxation 來支付公共服務?為什麼年輕人越來越難以 afford 住房?寫作 Task 1 也常出現支出、價格或 income 相關的數據,所以本詞組對兩項寫作任務都有幫助。
本詞組彙集了從國家到個人層面談論金錢所需的詞彙。國家經濟:economy、economic、growth、inflation、recession、currency、subsidy。注意 economic(與經濟有關的,如 economic growth)和 economical(節省的)的區別,economics 則是"經濟學"這門學科。不平等話題:poverty、wealth、wealthy、inequality、welfare、prosperity。
個人理財同樣重要。saving、spending、expenditure、debt、mortgage、rent、insurance 可以用來討論家庭如何管理開支。affordable 在住房和教育題中尤其常用:"Governments should build more affordable homes in big cities." 對比生活必需品和非必需品時,可以用 luxury。
談論國家時,developing 和 developed 是中性、通用的說法,standard of living 描述人們生活的舒適程度。地道搭配能讓文章更自然:interest rates rise and fall、governments impose taxes、take out a mortgage、pay off a debt。
寫作 Task 1 的很多圖表展示家庭支出、物價或平均收入的變化。把本詞組與趨勢詞組結合使用,可以寫出 "Expenditure on housing rose sharply, while spending on luxury goods remained stable." 這樣的句子:準確的話題名詞加上恰當的趨勢動詞,描述就會清晰有條理。
每天用卡片練習幾分鐘:新詞明天隔夜複習,之後隨著熟悉程度逐步拉開間隔。學完後,試著用五句話概括你所在國家的經濟狀況,涵蓋物價、就業和生活成本,並用上本詞組的單字。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| economy | /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ | n. | total of all the goods, services, and wages in an area | n. 經濟;經濟體;n. 節約;節省 | B1 |
| economic | /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ | adj. | having to do with trade, industry, and money | adj. 經濟的;經濟學的 | B1 |
| economics | /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ | n. | The study of how societies produce, distribute, and use resources | n. 經濟學;n. 經濟因素;經濟可行性 | B1 |
| inflation | /ɪnˈfleɪʃən/ | n. | continual rise in the prices of products | n. 通貨膨脹;n. 充氣 | B2 |
| recession | /rɪˈseʃən/ | n. | A period when economic activity falls and many businesses struggle | n. 經濟衰退;n. 退縮;消退 | B2 |
| growth | /ɡrəʊθ/ | n. | act of growing | n. 增長;增加;n. 生長;成長;發展 | B1 |
| poverty | /ˈpɒvəti/ | n. | being poor | n. 貧窮;貧困;n. 匱乏;貧乏 | B1 |
| wealth | /welθ/ | n. | large amount of money and possessions | n. 財富;富有;n. 大量;豐富 | B2 |
| wealthy | /ˈwelθi/ | adj. | having a great amount of money or property | adj. 富有的;富裕的 | B2 |
| tax | /tæks/ | n. | money taken by a government from its people | n. 稅;稅款;v. 對……徵稅 | B1 |
| taxation | /tækˈseɪʃən/ | n. | The system or process of collecting money through taxes | n. 徵稅;稅制 | C1 |
| subsidy | /ˈsʌbsədi/ | n. | Money provided to support activities or keep prices lower | n. 補貼;補助金 | C1 |
| debt | /det/ | n. | the sum of money owed to somebody that is not yet paid | n. 債務;欠款;n. 人情債;恩情 | B2 |
| interest | /ˈɪntrəst/ | n. | to make someone want to know about something | n. 興趣;關注;n. 利息 | A2 |
| currency | /ˈkʌrənsi/ | n. | a money system that a country uses | n. 貨幣;通貨;n. 流傳;通行 | B1 |
| exchange | /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ | v. | to give things of similar value to each other | v. 交換;兌換;n. 交換;交流 | B1 |
| financial | /faɪˈnænʃəl/ | adj. | involving money | adj. 財務的;財政的;金融的 | B1 |
| bank | /bæŋk/ | n. | a financial institution that keeps or lends money | n. 銀行;n. 河岸;湖岸 | A1 |
| saving | /ˈseɪvɪŋ/ | n. | a reduction in the money, time, or resources used | n. 節省;節省的金額;n. 儲蓄;存款 | B1 |
| spending | /'spendiŋ/ | n. | the act of spending or disbursing money | n. 經費, 開銷 | L1 |
| expenditure | /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə/ | n. | amount of money used during a certain time | n. 支出;花費;n. 精力或時間的消耗 | C1 |
| cost | /kɒst/ | n. | price you pay for something | n. 費用;成本;v. 價錢為;使花費 | A2 |
| price | /praɪs/ | n. | to determine or set the cost of something | n. 價格;價錢;n. 代價 | A1 |
| afford | /əˈfɔːd/ | v. | to have enough money to pay for something | v. 買得起;承擔得起;v. 提供;給予 | B1 |
| affordable | /əˈfɔːdəbl/ | adj. | Not too expensive for someone to pay for | adj. 負擔得起的 | B2 |
| luxury | /ˈlʌkʃəri/ | n. | something expensive or costly that is not needed which is bought for pleasure | n. 奢華;奢侈的享受;n. 奢侈品;非必需的享受 | B1 |
| inequality | /.ini'kwɒliti/ | n. | situation where things are not equal/fair | n. 不平等, 不同, 不平坦, 不平均;n. 不平等, 不等式 | L2 |
| capital | /ˈkæpɪtəl/ | n. | main, or major | n. 首都;首府;省會;n. 資本;資金 | B1 |
| fund | /fʌnd/ | n. | to supply money for something | n. 基金;專用資金;n. 資金;財力 | B2 |
| welfare | /ˈwelfeə/ | n. | a government program to help poor people | n. 健康幸福;福祉;n. 社會福利;救濟 | B2 |
| benefit | /ˈbenɪfɪt/ | n. | good result or effect, something advantageous | n. 好處;益處;v. 使受益;得益於 | B1 |
| insurance | /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/ | n. | payments to cover potential loss/damage/injury/death | n. 保險;n. 防範措施;保障 | B1 |
| mortgage | /ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ/ | n. | long-term loan from a bank for buying property | n. 住房抵押貸款;v. 將房產抵押借款 | B2 |
| rent | /rent/ | n. | to pay money for the use of something | n. 租金;v. 租用;租借 | A2 |
| tourism | /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ | n. | traveling to new places (e.g., abroad, for vacations) | n. 旅遊業;觀光旅遊 | A2 |
| developing | /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/ | adj. | Becoming more economically advanced, often with improving living standards | adj. 發展中的;adj. 逐漸形成的;成長中的 | B1 |
| developed | /di'veləpid/ | adj. | being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful; (used of societies) having high industrial development | adj. 發達的(國家或地區);成熟的 | L2 |
| prosperity | /prɒˈsperəti/ | n. | The state of being economically successful and financially secure | n. 繁榮;富足 | C1 |
| standard | /ˈstændəd/ | n. | accepted level of quality; an official measurement | n. 標準;水準;adj. 標準的;通常的 | B1 |
| living | /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ | adj. | Alive now, rather than dead or without life | adj. 活著的;有生命的;n. 生計;謀生收入 | B1 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明:選取部分欄位,釋義精簡,中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
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