雅思單字:商業
只要題目涉及公司、購物或廣告,商業詞彙就派得上用場。寫作 Task 2 會問:是否應限制 advertisement?大公司是否權力過大?人們是否買了超出需要的東西?口語 Part 3 考官可能問:為什麼某些 brand 如此受歡迎?小店如何與連鎖巨頭競爭?
本詞組整理了商業核心詞彙。機構類型:company、corporation、enterprise、startup;相關人群:entrepreneur、investor、shareholder、consumer、customer、client。customer 指在商店購買商品的顧客,client 通常指購買專業服務(如律師諮詢)的客戶。資金相關:profit、loss、revenue、investment、budget、loan。
市場與競爭是常見主題。用 supply 和 demand 解釋價格,用 competition 和 competitor 描述競爭,用 monopoly 指一家公司壟斷市場,merger 表示兩家公司合併。貿易方面,記住 export、import、retail、wholesale:retail 是面向公眾零售,wholesale 是向其他企業大批量批發。
廣告題需要 marketing、advertise、brand。注意詞族:advertise a product(動詞)、run an advertisement(名詞,一則廣告)、work in advertising(廣告行業)。很多考生把 advertising 當作"一則廣告"使用,這一區別值得專門練習。其他有用的詞對還有 manufacture 與 manufacturer、commerce 與 commercial。
在寫作 Task 1 中,商業詞彙也適用於銷售額、出口或公司利潤相關的圖表。"Revenue from exports rose steadily, while profits from retail fell" 這樣的句子把話題詞與趨勢語言結合起來,正是考官希望看到的組合。
每天用卡片進行簡短練習:今天學的詞明天隔夜複習,之後隨著記憶鞏固間隔越來越長。為了主動運用,挑一家你熟悉的公司,用幾句話說明它如何盈利、競爭對手是誰、如何營銷產品,並使用本詞組的單字。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| business | /ˈbɪznəs/ | n. | the making, buying, or selling goods or services for money | n. 商業;生意;n. 企業;商店 | A1 |
| company | /ˈkʌmpəni/ | n. | a business that sells things or provides services | n. 公司;n. 陪伴;作伴 | A1 |
| corporation | /ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃən/ | n. | big company or a combination of several companies | n. 大公司;法人企業;n. 市政當局 | B2 |
| enterprise | /'entəpraiz/ | n. | a business or organization | n. 企業, 事業心, 進取心, 幹事業 | L1 |
| industry | /ˈɪndəstri/ | n. | factories or businesses that make certain products | n. 工業;製造業;n. 行業 | B1 |
| commercial | /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ | adj. | radio or television advertisement | adj. 商業的;營利的;n. 電視或廣播廣告 | B2 |
| commerce | /ˈkɒmɜːs/ | n. | The activity of buying and selling goods and services | n. 商業;貿易 | B2 |
| market | /ˈmɑːkɪt/ | n. | public event where people sell goods on tables | n. 集市;市場;n. 市場需求;交易領域 | A1 |
| marketing | /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/ | n. | activities that identify customers' needs and promote products or services | n. 市場營銷 | B2 |
| advertise | /ˈædvətaɪz/ | v. | to show how good a product is, to make people buy | v. 為…做廣告;登廣告;v. 登廣告徵求或招聘 | B1 |
| advertisement | /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ | n. | a picture, short film, text, etc., that tells people about a product or service | n. 廣告 | A2 |
| brand | /brænd/ | n. | name given to a product or service | n. 品牌;牌子;v. 給…貼負面標籤 | B1 |
| consumer | /kənˈsjuːmə/ | n. | person who uses goods or services; individual buyer | n. 消費者 | B1 |
| customer | /ˈkʌstəmə/ | n. | someone who buys goods or services from a business | n. 顧客;客戶 | A2 |
| client | /ˈklaɪənt/ | n. | person paying for professional services | n. 客戶;委託人;n. 客戶端 | B1 |
| product | /ˈprɒdʌkt/ | n. | item that can be bought | n. 產品;製品;n. 產物;結果 | A2 |
| service | /ˈsɜːvɪs/ | n. | to maintain a piece of machinery so it runs well | n. 服務;公共服務;v. 檢修;保養 | A2 |
| profit | /ˈprɒfɪt/ | n. | to earn money from something | n. 利潤;盈利;v. 獲利;受益 | B1 |
| loss | /lɒs/ | n. | experience or state of failing to have or keep | n. 喪失;遺失;損失;n. 虧損;虧損額 | B1 |
| revenue | /'revinju:/ | n. | money that is made by or paid to a business | n. 收入, 歲入, 稅收, 稅務局 | L1 |
| investment | /ɪnˈvestmənt/ | n. | something purchased hoping its value will increase | n. 投資;投資款;n. 時間或精力的投入 | B2 |
| investor | /in'vestə/ | n. | a person who gives money to help a business grow for a profit | n. 投資者 | L1 |
| shareholder | /'ʃєə.həuldə/ | n. | someone who owns a part of a corporation | n. 股東 | L2 |
| competition | /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ | n. | fighting against others when trying to win something | n. 競爭;n. 比賽;競賽 | A2 |
| competitor | /kəmˈpetɪtə/ | n. | someone taking part in a race, business, etc. | n. 競爭對手;n. 參賽者;選手 | B1 |
| monopoly | /məˈnɒpəli/ | adv. | complete control of the market for a service or product | n. 壟斷;獨佔;n. 壟斷企業 | C1 |
| merger | /'mə:dʒə/ | n. | n the combination of two or more commercial companies; n an occurrence that involves the production of a union | n. 合併, 歸併 | L2 |
| supply | /səˈplaɪ/ | v. | to give or sell goods to others for their use | v. 供應;提供;n. 供應;供應量 | B1 |
| demand | /dɪˈmɑːnd/ | n. | to strongly request someone to do something; insist | n. 需求;n. 堅決要求 | B1 |
| export | /ɪkˈspɔːt/ | v. | to send goods to be sold in another country | v. 出口;輸出;n. 出口;出口商品 | B1 |
| import | /im'pɒ:t/ | n. | to bring items or goods from one country into another | n. 進口貨, 進口, 輸入, 含義, 重要性;v. 輸入, 引入, 進口, 含...的意思, 重要 | L2 |
| trade | /treɪd/ | n. | to buy, sell and exchange goods in business | n. 貿易;交易;v. 買賣;交換 | B1 |
| retail | /ˈriːteɪl/ | n. | concerning the business of selling products to the public for personal use | n. 零售;adj. 零售的 | B2 |
| wholesale | /'həulseil/ | n. | the selling of goods to merchants; sell in large quantities | n. 批發;adj. 批發的, 大規模的 | L3 |
| manufacturer | /.mænju'fæktʃərə/ | n. | a person or company that makes a product | n. 製造業者, 廠商 | L1 |
| manufacture | /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃə/ | v. | to produce large numbers of products in a factory | v. 大量製造;生產;n. 製造;生產 | B2 |
| entrepreneur | /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/ | n. | someone who starts a business and takes financial risks | n. 創業者;企業家 | B2 |
| startup | the act of setting in operation | L3 | |||
| franchise | /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ | n. | permission to trade under another company's name, or that business | n. 特許經營權;加盟店;n. 選舉權 | C1 |
| strategy | /ˈstrætədʒi/ | n. | careful plan or method for achieving a goal | n. 策略;戰略 | B2 |
| budget | /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ | n. | amount of money planned to be spent on something | n. 預算;預算額;v. 編制預算 | B2 |
| finance | /ˈfaɪnæns/ | n. | control of money a person/business has access to | n. 金融;資金管理;n. 資金 | B2 |
| loan | /ləʊn/ | n. | something (usually money) that is given to someone for a period of time with a promise that it will be returned | n. 貸款;借款;n. 借用;出借 | B1 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明:選取部分欄位,釋義精簡,中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 話題分組和所有頁面文字均為本站原創。