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雅思單字:政府與政治

政府與政治在雅思中主要以公共開支和責任的形式出現:government 是否應承擔大學教育費用?應把錢花在 infrastructure 還是藝術上?富國是否應向窮國提供更多 aid?你不需要表達政治立場也能答好,但需要清晰、中性的詞彙。

本詞組整理了這些詞彙。政治制度:democracy、parliament、minister、politician、election、vote、voter、campaign。決策及其影響:policy、reform、regulate、authority、administration。public sector(由國家運營的公共部門)常與私營部門對比,這一組概念在醫療和交通類作文中非常有用。

政府層級同樣重要:地方事務用 council,全國層面用 national 和 federal,國家間合作用 international。外交方面有 foreign、diplomat、diplomacy、treaty、conflict、war、peace、military、defence。注意英式拼寫 defence,如果你用英式英語寫作,應保持拼寫一致。

討論危機與開支時常用 crisis 和 aid:"International aid helps countries recover from natural disasters." 論證優先事項時,"The government should prioritise infrastructure, such as roads and public transport, over military spending"這樣的句子能體現詞彙廣度與控制力。保持論述平衡:考官評判的是語言和推理,而不是你站在哪一方。

很多考生每段都用 "the government should"。可以用 policy、reform、legislation 等名詞變換句式,例如 "A reform of the tax system could fund better public services." 這樣的小調整能同時提升詞彙和語法多樣性——評分標準中的兩個獨立維度。

每天進行簡短練習:今天學的詞明天隔夜複習,調度器隨後逐步拉開間隔。學完後,選一個公共開支領域,寫三句話說明政府為什麼應加大投入,並使用本詞組至少五個單字。

學習這 35 個單字 做個測驗

單字音標詞性英文釋義中文等級
government/ˈɡʌvənmənt/n.group of people and system which rule a nationn. 政府;n. 治理;政體A2
policy/ˈpɒləsi/n.course of action proposed by an organization, etc.n. 政策;方針;原則;n. 保險單;保險合同B1
politics/ˈpɒlətɪks/n.activities influencing the policies of a governmentn. 政治;政治活動;n. 政治觀點;政治立場B1
political/pəˈlɪtɪkəl/adj.concerning government or public affairsadj. 政治的;政黨的B1
politician/ˌpɒləˈtɪʃən/n.someone who is active in politicsn. 政治家;政客B1
election/ɪˈlekʃən/n.process of choosing someone by votingn. 選舉;n. 當選B1
vote/vəʊt/v.to make a choice for or against, as in an electionv. 投票;表決;n. 選票;投票;表決B1
voter/ˈvəʊtə/n.a person who can vote in an electionn. 選民;投票人B2
democracy/dɪˈmɒkrəsi/n.a system of government in which the people of a country can vote to elect who will govern themn. 民主;民主政體;n. 民主國家B2
parliament/ˈpɑːləmənt/n.A country's group of representatives that debates and makes lawsn. 議會;國會B2
minister/ˈmɪnɪstə/n.an official who heads a government departmentn. 部長;大臣;n. 牧師B2
authority/ɔːˈθɒrəti/n.people in positions of power, able to decide thingsn. 權力;職權;n. 當局;主管機構B2
official/əˈfɪʃəl/adj.of or done by someone in authority; formaladj. 官方的;正式的;n. 官員;高級職員B1
public/ˈpʌblɪk/adj.concerning society in generaladj. 公眾的;公用的;公開的;adj. 政府的;公立的A2
sector/ˈsektə/n.area that includes certain kinds of jobn. 行業;部門;領域;n. 區域;地段B2
administration/ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/n.the work of running something (e.g., a business)n. 管理;行政工作;n. 政府;行政管理層B2
council/ˈkaʊnsəl/n.group chosen to make decisions about somethingn. 地方議會;委員會B1
campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/n.to work in an organized and active way toward a goaln. 有組織的運動;宣傳活動;v. 開展運動;參加活動B1
reform/rɪˈfɔːm/v.to improve society by removing abuse and injusticesv. 改革;改進;n. 改革;改良措施B2
federal/'fedərəl/adj.system of governmentadj. 聯邦的, 聯合的, 同盟的L1
national/ˈnæʃənəl/adj.concerning a nation as a wholeadj. 國家的;全國的;n. 某國國民B1
international/ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl/adj.done or relating to several countries, not just your ownadj. 國際的;跨國的;n. 國際比賽;國家隊選手A2
foreign/ˈfɒrən/adj.being of a different place or countryadj. 外國的;來自國外的;adj. 異物的;外來的A2
diplomat/ˈdɪpləmæt/n.An official who represents their country in relations with other countriesn. 外交官;n. 善於交際的人B2
diplomacy/dɪˈpləʊməsi/n.Managing relations between countries through discussion and negotiationn. 外交;外交活動;n. 交際手腕;圓通C1
treaty/ˈtriːti/n.an agreement between nationsn. 條約;國家間協議B2
conflict/ˈkɒnflɪkt/n.to have opposite ideas; to disagree; to not matchn. 衝突;爭執;n. 矛盾;牴觸B2
war/wɔː/n.situation where armies fight each othern. 戰爭;n. 鬥爭;對抗A2
peace/piːs/n.time when there is no war or fightingn. 和平;和睦;n. 安寧;平靜A2
military/ˈmɪlɪtəri/adj.concerning soldiers or the armed forcesadj. 軍事的;軍隊的;n. 軍隊;武裝力量B2
defence/dɪˈfens/n.Action taken to protect someone or something from attack or harmn. 防禦;保護;n. 辯護;答辯B2
crisis/ˈkraɪsɪs/n.unstable situation of extreme danger or difficultyn. 危機;緊要關頭B2
aid/eɪd/n.to provide things useful or needed by othersn. 援助;救助;v. 幫助;促進B2
infrastructure/'infrəstrʌktʃə/n.the basic structure or features of a system or organization; the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or arean. 基礎結構, 基礎設施L2
regulate/ˈreɡjuleɪt/v.to make rules or laws to control something or someonev. 監管;管制;v. 調節;控制B2

其他話題

資料來源與致謝