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雅思單字:犯罪與法律

犯罪與法律是雅思寫作 Task 2 的經典話題。常見題目:prison 是否是減少犯罪的最好辦法?青少年罪犯是否應區別對待?更多 surveillance 攝像頭能否讓城市更安全?口語 Part 3 可能問你所在城市是否安全,或人們為什麼會違反 law。

本詞組為整個司法體系提供精確用詞。罪行:crime、offence、theft、robbery、burglary、fraud、vandalism、corruption、violence。用詞要精確:theft 指未經許可拿走財物,robbery 涉及暴力或威脅,burglary 指闖入建築物行竊。人物:criminal、offender、victim、suspect、witness、lawyer、judge、jury。

司法程序有一套專門表達:警方 arrest 嫌疑人、收集 evidence 並 prosecute;court 舉行 trial;被告被判 guilty 或 innocent;法官宣佈 sentence。懲罰方面,記住 punishment、penalty、fine、prison,注意 fine 既是名詞也是動詞:"He was fined for speeding."

很多作文會比較懲罰與預防及 rehabilitation(幫助罪犯迴歸正常生活)。deter 和 deterrent 用於論證嚴刑能阻止犯罪:"Long sentences may deter some criminals, but they do little to rehabilitate them." 規則相關用 legislation、regulation、enforce、enforcement,最後是整個體系的目標——justice。

構思作文時,要分清各方角色:offender 實施 offence,victim 遭受侵害,court 決定懲罰。如果混淆,比如寫成 "the victim was sentenced",會讓讀者困惑,不僅影響詞彙分,也會影響連貫性得分。

每天用卡片學幾分鐘:新詞明天隔夜複習,記牢後複習頻率逐漸降低。每次學完,為"Prison is the best way to reduce crime. Do you agree?"這樣的題目列提綱,用本詞組的詞各寫一條正反論點。

學習這 44 個單字 做個測驗

單字音標詞性英文釋義中文等級
crime/kraɪm/n.act that is against the law; murder, theft, etc.n. 犯罪;犯罪活動;n. 罪行B1
criminal/ˈkrɪmɪnəl/adj.related to illegal activity; (n) a person who has done a crimeadj. 犯罪的;刑事的;n. 罪犯B1
offence/əˈfens/n.An act that breaks a law or rulen. 違法行為;犯規;n. 冒犯;被冒犯的感受B2
offender/ə'fendə/n.n a person who transgresses moral or civil lawn. 罪犯, 無禮的人, 得罪人的人L2
victim/ˈvɪktɪm/n.person who has suffered from a crime, bad situation, or eventn. 受害者;受騙者B1
police/pəˈliːs/n.people, often in uniforms, who solve crimesn. 警察;警方;v. 維持治安;監督執行A1
law/lɔː/n.system or rules made by the governmentn. 法律;法規;n. 法學A2
legal/ˈliːɡl/adj.concerning the law; allowed by lawadj. 法律的;與法律有關的;adj. 合法的;法律允許的B1
illegal/ɪˈliːɡəl/adj.not allowed by the laws or rulesadj. 非法的;違法的B1
court/kɔːt/n.large, flat area, to play tennis or basketballn. 法院;法庭;n. 球場B1
judge/dʒʌdʒ/v.to form an opinion after careful considerationv. 判斷;評價;n. 法官B1
jury/ˈdʒʊəri/n.group of people who listen to information about something and make a decisionn. 陪審團;n. 評審團B2
trial/'traiəl/n.concerning or used in a trialn. 審判, 試驗, 艱苦, 麻煩事, 考驗;adj. 審訊的, 試驗性的L1
prison/ˈprɪzən/n.a place where people who have committed serious crimes are heldn. 監獄;n. 監禁B1
sentence/ˈsentəns/n.set of spoken or written words that make a whole statementn. 句子;n. 刑罰;判決A1
punishment/'pʌniʃmənt/n.the act of punishing someonen. 處罰, 刑罰, 懲罰L2
penalty/'penəlti/n.punishment for committing a crime or offensen. 處罰, 刑罰, 罰款, 罰球, 報應, 不利結果, 妨礙L2
fine/faɪn/adj.good, acceptable or satisfactoryadj. 好的;健康的;優質的;adj. 細小的;纖細的A1
theft/θeft/n.n the act of taking something from someone unlawfullyn. 盜竊, 失竊, 盜竊罪, 贓物L2
robbery/ˈrɒbəri/n.Stealing from a person or place using force or threatsn. 搶劫;搶劫案B2
burglary/'bə:^ləri/n.entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable propertyn. 夜盜行為, 盜竊, 盜竊行為L3
violence/'vaiələns/n.use of physical force to harm someone or damage somethingn. 猛烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行L1
violent/ˈvaɪələnt/adj.done with force; likely to cause physical damageadj. 暴力的;兇暴的;adj. 猛烈的;劇烈的B2
murder/ˈmɜːdə/n.crime of deliberately killing a personn. 謀殺;謀殺案;v. 謀殺B1
fraud/frɔːd/n.Dishonest behaviour intended to gain money or another advantagen. 欺詐;詐騙;n. 騙子;冒牌貨B2
corruption/kə'rʌpʃən/n.actions that are illegal or morally questionable, often performed by a person in a position of powern. 腐敗, 墮落, 貪汙L2
evidence/ˈevɪdəns/n.factual proof that helps to establish the truthn. 證據;跡象;v. 表明;證明B2
witness/'witnis/n.a person who sees something happenn. 證人, 目擊者, 證據, 證詞;v. 目擊, 作證, 證明, 表明L1
arrest/əˈrest/v.to use the law to catch and keep people who committed crimesv. 逮捕;拘捕;n. 逮捕;拘捕B1
suspect/səˈspekt/v.to think that someone may have committed a crime or done something wrongv. 懷疑;猜想;n. 嫌疑人B2
guilty/ˈɡɪlti/adj.having done something bad or illegaladj. 有罪的;有過錯的;adj. 內疚的B1
innocent/ˈɪnəsənt/adj.not having done anything wrong or badadj. 無辜的;無罪的;adj. 天真的;單純的B2
justice/'dʒʌstis/n.quality of being fair, equal, or justn. 正義, 公平, 公正, 正確, 司法, 審判L1
lawyer/ˈlɔɪə/n.a professional who is paid to help people with the lawn. 律師A2
legislation/.ledʒis'leiʃən/n.act or process of writing and passing lawsn. 立法, 法律L1
regulation/ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən/n.official rule that controls how something is donen. 規章;條例;n. 監管;調節B2
enforce/ɪnˈfɔːs/v.Make sure that people obey a law or rulev. 執行;強制實施C1
enforcement/in'fɒ:smənt/n.the act or process of making sure that rules are followedn. 執行, 強制L1
rehabilitation/'ri:(h)ə,bili'teiʃən/n.a scheme to help someone who has been ill or in prison to return to a healthy, independent, and useful lifen. 復原L2
deter/dɪˈtɜː/v.To discourage an action by making it seem difficult or riskyv. 阻止;使打消念頭C1
deterrent/di'tə:rənt/adj.tending to deteradj. 制止的, 威懾的, 遏制的;n. 威懾力量(或因素), 制止物L3
surveillance/sə:'veiləns/n.close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)n. 監視, 監督L2
vandalism/'vændəlizm/n.willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of othersn. 故意毀壞文物的行為, 破壞他人財產的行為L3
prosecute/'prɒsikju:t/v.conduct a prosecution in a court of law; bring a criminal action against (in a trial)v. 告發, 起訴, 徹底進行, 執行, 從事;v. 告發, 起訴, 作檢察官L2

其他話題

資料來源與致謝