雅思單字:犯罪與法律
犯罪與法律是雅思寫作 Task 2 的經典話題。常見題目:prison 是否是減少犯罪的最好辦法?青少年罪犯是否應區別對待?更多 surveillance 攝像頭能否讓城市更安全?口語 Part 3 可能問你所在城市是否安全,或人們為什麼會違反 law。
本詞組為整個司法體系提供精確用詞。罪行:crime、offence、theft、robbery、burglary、fraud、vandalism、corruption、violence。用詞要精確:theft 指未經許可拿走財物,robbery 涉及暴力或威脅,burglary 指闖入建築物行竊。人物:criminal、offender、victim、suspect、witness、lawyer、judge、jury。
司法程序有一套專門表達:警方 arrest 嫌疑人、收集 evidence 並 prosecute;court 舉行 trial;被告被判 guilty 或 innocent;法官宣佈 sentence。懲罰方面,記住 punishment、penalty、fine、prison,注意 fine 既是名詞也是動詞:"He was fined for speeding."
很多作文會比較懲罰與預防及 rehabilitation(幫助罪犯迴歸正常生活)。deter 和 deterrent 用於論證嚴刑能阻止犯罪:"Long sentences may deter some criminals, but they do little to rehabilitate them." 規則相關用 legislation、regulation、enforce、enforcement,最後是整個體系的目標——justice。
構思作文時,要分清各方角色:offender 實施 offence,victim 遭受侵害,court 決定懲罰。如果混淆,比如寫成 "the victim was sentenced",會讓讀者困惑,不僅影響詞彙分,也會影響連貫性得分。
每天用卡片學幾分鐘:新詞明天隔夜複習,記牢後複習頻率逐漸降低。每次學完,為"Prison is the best way to reduce crime. Do you agree?"這樣的題目列提綱,用本詞組的詞各寫一條正反論點。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crime | /kraɪm/ | n. | act that is against the law; murder, theft, etc. | n. 犯罪;犯罪活動;n. 罪行 | B1 |
| criminal | /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/ | adj. | related to illegal activity; (n) a person who has done a crime | adj. 犯罪的;刑事的;n. 罪犯 | B1 |
| offence | /əˈfens/ | n. | An act that breaks a law or rule | n. 違法行為;犯規;n. 冒犯;被冒犯的感受 | B2 |
| offender | /ə'fendə/ | n. | n a person who transgresses moral or civil law | n. 罪犯, 無禮的人, 得罪人的人 | L2 |
| victim | /ˈvɪktɪm/ | n. | person who has suffered from a crime, bad situation, or event | n. 受害者;受騙者 | B1 |
| police | /pəˈliːs/ | n. | people, often in uniforms, who solve crimes | n. 警察;警方;v. 維持治安;監督執行 | A1 |
| law | /lɔː/ | n. | system or rules made by the government | n. 法律;法規;n. 法學 | A2 |
| legal | /ˈliːɡl/ | adj. | concerning the law; allowed by law | adj. 法律的;與法律有關的;adj. 合法的;法律允許的 | B1 |
| illegal | /ɪˈliːɡəl/ | adj. | not allowed by the laws or rules | adj. 非法的;違法的 | B1 |
| court | /kɔːt/ | n. | large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball | n. 法院;法庭;n. 球場 | B1 |
| judge | /dʒʌdʒ/ | v. | to form an opinion after careful consideration | v. 判斷;評價;n. 法官 | B1 |
| jury | /ˈdʒʊəri/ | n. | group of people who listen to information about something and make a decision | n. 陪審團;n. 評審團 | B2 |
| trial | /'traiəl/ | n. | concerning or used in a trial | n. 審判, 試驗, 艱苦, 麻煩事, 考驗;adj. 審訊的, 試驗性的 | L1 |
| prison | /ˈprɪzən/ | n. | a place where people who have committed serious crimes are held | n. 監獄;n. 監禁 | B1 |
| sentence | /ˈsentəns/ | n. | set of spoken or written words that make a whole statement | n. 句子;n. 刑罰;判決 | A1 |
| punishment | /'pʌniʃmənt/ | n. | the act of punishing someone | n. 處罰, 刑罰, 懲罰 | L2 |
| penalty | /'penəlti/ | n. | punishment for committing a crime or offense | n. 處罰, 刑罰, 罰款, 罰球, 報應, 不利結果, 妨礙 | L2 |
| fine | /faɪn/ | adj. | good, acceptable or satisfactory | adj. 好的;健康的;優質的;adj. 細小的;纖細的 | A1 |
| theft | /θeft/ | n. | n the act of taking something from someone unlawfully | n. 盜竊, 失竊, 盜竊罪, 贓物 | L2 |
| robbery | /ˈrɒbəri/ | n. | Stealing from a person or place using force or threats | n. 搶劫;搶劫案 | B2 |
| burglary | /'bə:^ləri/ | n. | entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable property | n. 夜盜行為, 盜竊, 盜竊行為 | L3 |
| violence | /'vaiələns/ | n. | use of physical force to harm someone or damage something | n. 猛烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行 | L1 |
| violent | /ˈvaɪələnt/ | adj. | done with force; likely to cause physical damage | adj. 暴力的;兇暴的;adj. 猛烈的;劇烈的 | B2 |
| murder | /ˈmɜːdə/ | n. | crime of deliberately killing a person | n. 謀殺;謀殺案;v. 謀殺 | B1 |
| fraud | /frɔːd/ | n. | Dishonest behaviour intended to gain money or another advantage | n. 欺詐;詐騙;n. 騙子;冒牌貨 | B2 |
| corruption | /kə'rʌpʃən/ | n. | actions that are illegal or morally questionable, often performed by a person in a position of power | n. 腐敗, 墮落, 貪汙 | L2 |
| evidence | /ˈevɪdəns/ | n. | factual proof that helps to establish the truth | n. 證據;跡象;v. 表明;證明 | B2 |
| witness | /'witnis/ | n. | a person who sees something happen | n. 證人, 目擊者, 證據, 證詞;v. 目擊, 作證, 證明, 表明 | L1 |
| arrest | /əˈrest/ | v. | to use the law to catch and keep people who committed crimes | v. 逮捕;拘捕;n. 逮捕;拘捕 | B1 |
| suspect | /səˈspekt/ | v. | to think that someone may have committed a crime or done something wrong | v. 懷疑;猜想;n. 嫌疑人 | B2 |
| guilty | /ˈɡɪlti/ | adj. | having done something bad or illegal | adj. 有罪的;有過錯的;adj. 內疚的 | B1 |
| innocent | /ˈɪnəsənt/ | adj. | not having done anything wrong or bad | adj. 無辜的;無罪的;adj. 天真的;單純的 | B2 |
| justice | /'dʒʌstis/ | n. | quality of being fair, equal, or just | n. 正義, 公平, 公正, 正確, 司法, 審判 | L1 |
| lawyer | /ˈlɔɪə/ | n. | a professional who is paid to help people with the law | n. 律師 | A2 |
| legislation | /.ledʒis'leiʃən/ | n. | act or process of writing and passing laws | n. 立法, 法律 | L1 |
| regulation | /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən/ | n. | official rule that controls how something is done | n. 規章;條例;n. 監管;調節 | B2 |
| enforce | /ɪnˈfɔːs/ | v. | Make sure that people obey a law or rule | v. 執行;強制實施 | C1 |
| enforcement | /in'fɒ:smənt/ | n. | the act or process of making sure that rules are followed | n. 執行, 強制 | L1 |
| rehabilitation | /'ri:(h)ə,bili'teiʃən/ | n. | a scheme to help someone who has been ill or in prison to return to a healthy, independent, and useful life | n. 復原 | L2 |
| deter | /dɪˈtɜː/ | v. | To discourage an action by making it seem difficult or risky | v. 阻止;使打消念頭 | C1 |
| deterrent | /di'tə:rənt/ | adj. | tending to deter | adj. 制止的, 威懾的, 遏制的;n. 威懾力量(或因素), 制止物 | L3 |
| surveillance | /sə:'veiləns/ | n. | close observation of a person or group (usually by the police) | n. 監視, 監督 | L2 |
| vandalism | /'vændəlizm/ | n. | willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others | n. 故意毀壞文物的行為, 破壞他人財產的行為 | L3 |
| prosecute | /'prɒsikju:t/ | v. | conduct a prosecution in a court of law; bring a criminal action against (in a trial) | v. 告發, 起訴, 徹底進行, 執行, 從事;v. 告發, 起訴, 作檢察官 | L2 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明:選取部分欄位,釋義精簡,中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
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