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雅思單字:科學與研究

科學詞彙在整個雅思考試中都很有用。閱讀文章常選自科普雜誌,寫作 Task 2 可能問政府是否應資助太空探索或醫學研究,口語 Part 3 也可能問為什麼有些年輕人迴避理科。即使你不是科學工作者,也需要清楚表達"知識是如何建立的"。

本詞組聚焦科學方法的語言。記住 hypothesis(待檢驗的假設)、theory(有充分依據的理論)、experiment、observation、sample、method、analysis、conclusion。注意詞形:analyse 是動詞的英式拼寫,analysis 是名詞;observe 是動詞,observation 是名詞;science、scientist、scientific 是一個會經常用到的詞族。

接下來是學科與基本構成:physics、chemistry、biology,以及更小尺度的 atom、molecule、cell、gene、organism。genetic 和 evolution 適用於現代醫學和自然界相關話題。太空方面有 space、universe、planet、astronaut、telescope,可用於"太空探索是否值得花錢"這一常見作文題。

評價研究質量的詞能幫你判斷觀點:accurate、measure、discovery,以及 phenomenon(複數 phenomena)。"Accurate measurements are essential if an experiment is to support a hypothesis."這樣的句子體現了學術上的精確。在閱讀中,這些詞常提示文章結構,快速識別它們能節省時間。

閱讀中的科學文章常使用謹慎的表達,留意 the results suggest、the evidence indicates 這類說法。在自己的寫作中採用這種審慎文風,而不是斷言某事總是如此,會讓論證更具學術性,也更可信。

每天用卡片進行簡短學習:新詞明天隔夜複習,調度器隨後逐步拉開間隔。每次學完,用幾句話說明你會如何檢驗一個簡單的說法,比如"Plants grow faster with music",用上 hypothesis、sample、method、conclusion 等詞。

學習這 33 個單字 做個測驗

單字音標詞性英文釋義中文等級
science/ˈsaɪəns/n.knowledge of the physical world based on factsn. 科學;自然科學;n. 科學學科A1
scientific/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/adj.related to scienceadj. 科學的;符合科學方法的B1
scientist/ˈsaɪəntɪst/n.a person who is trained to gain knowledge by making predictions, testing them, and developing theoriesn. 科學家A2
experiment/ɪkˈsperɪmənt/n.test performed to assess new ideas or theoriesn. 實驗;試驗;v. 做實驗;嘗試B1
hypothesis/haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/n.idea that leads to further study or discussionn. 假說;假設C1
theory/ˈθɪəri/n.idea or set of ideas that try to explain facts or eventsn. 理論;學說;n. 推測;看法B2
analysis/əˈnæləsɪs/n.careful study to better understand somethingn. 分析;解析B2
analyse/ˈænəlaɪz/v.to examine something carefully to understand its parts or causesv. 分析;細察B2
observe/əbˈzɜːv/v.to watch carefully; to make a commentv. 觀察;注意到;v. 遵守;奉行B2
observation/ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃən/n.careful watching and listening; remark or comment on something you have noticedn. 觀察;監測;n. 觀察所得;評論B2
sample/ˈsɑːmpəl/n.to try something to see if you like it (e.g., food)n. 樣品;樣本;v. 取樣;試嘗;體驗B2
method/ˈmeθəd/n.organized and planned way of doing somethingn. 方法;辦法;n. 條理;系統性A2
discovery/dɪˈskʌvəri/n.learning something for the first timen. 發現;被發現的事物B1
chemical/ˈkemɪkəl/n.a basic substance produced by mixing elementsn. 化學品;化學物質;adj. 化學的B1
physics/ˈfɪzɪks/n pl.the study of heat, light, and other forms of energy and how they affect objectsn. 物理學A2
biology/baɪˈɒlədʒi/n.the study of living thingsn. 生物學;n. 生物特徵;生理機制A2
chemistry/ˈkemɪstri/n.the study of the structure of substancesn. 化學;n. 化學組成與變化A2
gene/dʒiːn/n.part of a cell that controls the development and appearance of a living thingn. 基因B2
genetic/dʒəˈnetɪk/adj.concerning the parts of a cell that determine particular characteristicsadj. 基因的;遺傳的B2
evolution/ˌiːvəˈluːʃən/n.slow, steady change or developmentn. 進化;n. 演變;逐步發展B2
organism/'ɒ:gənizm/n.living thing, often one that is smalln. 生物, 有機體, 社會組織L2
molecule/'mɒlikju:l/n.two or more atoms chemically combinedn. 分子, 些微L2
cell/sel/n.short for 'cellphone'n. 細胞;n. 牢房;小隔間B1
atom/'ætəm/n.smallest bit that matter can be broken down inton. 原子, 核能, 微粒, 微量L2
space/speɪs/n.empty area with nothing in itn. 空間;空地;間隔;n. 太空A2
universe/ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/n.all of space and everything in itn. 宇宙;n. 獨特的世界;體系B1
planet/ˈplænɪt/n.one of the bodies that orbit the sunn. 行星A2
astronaut/ˈæstrənɔːt/n.a person trained to travel and work in spacen. 宇航員;航天員B1
telescope/ˈtelɪskəʊp/n.An instrument that makes distant objects appear closer and clearern. 望遠鏡;v. 壓縮;縮短B1
measure/ˈmeʒə/v.to calculate size, weight or temperature ofv. 測量;衡量;n. 措施;辦法B1
accurate/ˈækjərət/adj.correct; not having mistakes or errorsadj. 準確的;精確的;adj. 精準的;命中目標的B2
conclusion/kənˈkluːʒən/n.judgment or opinion after thinking for a whilen. 結論;推斷;n. 結尾;結束B1
phenomenon/fi'nɒminən/n.a fact that can be observed and studiedn. 現象, 跡象, 表現, 奇蹟, 奇才L1

其他話題

資料來源與致謝