雅思單字:社會與家庭
社會類題目要求你思考人們如何共同生活。雅思常見話題包括 family 生活的變化、現代社會中 tradition 的作用、immigration、gender equality,以及大城市中日益突出的 loneliness 問題。這類題目青睞能夠冷靜、準確地討論敏感議題的考生。
本詞組整理了關於人群、群體和社會變遷的詞彙。家庭與人生階段:household、marriage、divorce、parent、childhood、adolescent、teenager、youth、adult。社區與公民:community、population、generation、citizen、citizenship。代際問題很常見,建議練習 the generation gap、younger generations 等短語。
文化與身份認同需要 culture、custom、tradition、traditional、religion、ethnic、identity。談人口流動時,注意區分 immigrant(移入定居者)、migrant(遷移者,常因工作)以及 immigration、migration 這兩個過程。談公平問題,equality、discrimination、minority、diversity、racism 必不可少,並應在平衡的表述中使用,例如:"Laws against discrimination protect minority groups and make society fairer."
社會問題與解決辦法也在本詞組中:homeless、isolation、loneliness 描述困境,volunteer 和 charity 描述互助。behaviour、attitude、lifestyle 是幾乎所有口語回答都能用到的通用詞。defend 也收錄在這裡:人們捍衛自己的權利、傳統和觀點。
請記住,其中很多詞比較敏感。優先使用 older people、people from minority groups 等中性表達,避免對整個國家或宗教一概而論。冷靜、平衡的語氣本身就是高分回答的一部分,也會讓你的論點在考官看來更有說服力。
每天小步學習:今天的新詞明天隔夜複習,之後間隔逐步拉長。為了主動運用,選一個你觀察到的社會變化(比如晚婚現象),用本詞組的詞寫一小段,解釋其原因和影響。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| society | /səˈsaɪəti/ | n. | community of people living together | n. 社會;n. 協會;社團 | B1 |
| community | /kəˈmjuːnəti/ | n. | group of people who share a common idea or area | n. 社區;當地居民;n. 群體;共同體 | B1 |
| population | /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃən/ | n. | number of people who live in a country, area, etc. | n. 人口;全體居民;n. 種群 | B1 |
| generation | /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/ | n. | people born and living at about the same time | n. 一代人;一代;n. 產生;發電 | B1 |
| tradition | /trəˈdɪʃən/ | n. | way of thinking, and behaving that was used for a long time | n. 傳統;慣例 | B1 |
| traditional | /trəˈdɪʃənəl/ | adj. | involved in a tradition | adj. 傳統的;沿襲已久的 | A2 |
| culture | /ˈkʌltʃə/ | n. | beliefs and customs of a particular group | n. 文化;習俗;n. 文化藝術活動 | B1 |
| custom | /ˈkʌstəm/ | n. | what is usual or normal | n. 風俗;慣例;adj. 定製的 | B1 |
| family | /ˈfæməli/ | n. | a group of people who are related through blood | n. 家庭;家人;親屬;n. 科;語族;同類群 | A1 |
| household | /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ | n. | all the people who live in a house; a family | n. 一戶;同住的一家人;adj. 家庭的;家用的 | B2 |
| marriage | /ˈmærɪdʒ/ | n. | formal relationship between a husband and a wife | n. 婚姻;結婚;n. 緊密結合 | B1 |
| divorce | /dɪˈvɔːs/ | n. | legal ending of a marriage | n. 離婚;v. 與…離婚;離婚 | B1 |
| parent | /ˈpeərənt/ | n. | person's mother or father | n. 父親或母親;n. 母公司 | A1 |
| childhood | /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ | n. | the time when you are a child | n. 童年;幼年時期 | B1 |
| adolescent | /ˌædəˈlesənt/ | n. | Teenager developing into an adult | n. 青少年;adj. 青春期的;青少年的 | B2 |
| teenager | /ˈtiːneɪdʒə/ | n. | a person between the ages of 13 and 19 | n. 十三至十九歲青少年 | A2 |
| youth | /juːθ/ | n. | when you are young; a young person | n. 青年時期;青春;n. 青年群體 | B1 |
| adult | /ˈædʌlt/ | n. | person or animal that is fully grown | n. 成年人;成年動物;adj. 成年的;成年人的 | A1 |
| gender | /ˈdʒendə/ | n. | state of being male or female | n. 性別;n. 語法性 | B2 |
| equality | /i:'kwɒliti/ | n. | the idea that all people have the same rights | n. 平等, 均勻, 相等 | L2 |
| discrimination | /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ | n. | the ability to recognize the difference between things; treating different groups of people unfairly | n. 歧視;n. 辨別力;鑑別 | B2 |
| minority | /mai'nɒriti/ | n. | a part of a group that is less than half of the whole; a small part | n. 少數, 未成年, 少數民族;adj. 少數的, 屬於少數派的 | L1 |
| immigrant | /'imigrənt/ | n. | person moving to another country to live there | n. 移民;adj. 移入的, 移民的 | L1 |
| immigration | /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən/ | n. | the act of moving from one country to another for good | n. 移民入境;移居;n. 入境檢查;入境檢查處 | B2 |
| migrant | /'maigrənt/ | n. | traveler who moves from one region or country to another; habitually moving from place to place especially in search of seasonal work | n. 候鳥, 移居者 | L2 |
| migration | /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/ | n. | the process by which people or animals move to another place | n. 人口遷移;移居;n. 動物遷徙 | B2 |
| citizen | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | n. | person who belongs to and has rights in a country | n. 公民;n. 市民;居民 | B1 |
| citizenship | /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/ | n. | the legal status of belonging to a particular country | n. 公民身份;公民資格;n. 公民責任與行為 | B2 |
| volunteer | /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ | n. | someone who works willingly without pay | n. 志願者;義工;v. 自願做;主動提供 | B1 |
| charity | /ˈtʃærəti/ | n. | organization providing help to the needy, the sick | n. 慈善機構;n. 慈善;救濟 | B1 |
| homeless | /ˈhəʊmləs/ | adj. | Without a permanent place to live | adj. 無家可歸的 | B2 |
| diversity | /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ | n. | state or quality of having a range of different things | n. 多樣性;差異性 | B2 |
| identity | /aɪˈdentəti/ | n. | who someone is; the collection of qualities that makes a person | n. 身份;n. 特性;認同感 | B1 |
| religion | /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ | n. | set of beliefs about a god or gods | n. 宗教;宗教信仰 | B1 |
| religious | /ri'lidʒəs/ | adj. | concerning religion or faith | adj. 宗教性的, 虔誠的, 宗教上的, 嚴謹的;n. 修道士, 出家人 | L1 |
| ethnic | /'eθnik/ | adj. | connected with people who share a cultural tradition | adj. 人種的, 種族的 | L1 |
| racism | /'reisizm/ | n. | the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races; discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race | n. 種族主義, 種族偏見 | L2 |
| behaviour | /bɪˈheɪvjə/ | n. | The way a person or animal acts | n. 行為;舉止;n. 運行方式;反應特性 | A2 |
| attitude | /ˈætɪtjuːd/ | n. | way you act, think, and feel about something | n. 態度;看法 | B1 |
| lifestyle | /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ | n. | the type of life that you have | n. 生活方式 | B1 |
| individual | /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ | adj. | single person, looked at separately from others | adj. 個人的;單獨的;n. 個人;個體 | B1 |
| isolation | /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ | n. | The state of being separated from other people or places | n. 孤立;隔絕;n. 隔離 | B2 |
| loneliness | /ˈləʊnlinəs/ | n. | Sadness caused by feeling alone or lacking close relationships | n. 孤獨;寂寞 | B2 |
| defend | /dɪˈfend/ | v. | to protect against an attack | v. 保護;保衛;v. 辯護;捍衛 | B1 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明:選取部分欄位,釋義精簡,中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
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