雅思單字：健康
健康話題在雅思中形式多樣：obesity 問題日益嚴重、公共 healthcare 成本上升、現代生活對 mental health 的壓力，以及人口老齡化帶來的挑戰。寫作 Task 2 常要求分析原因並提出對策，口語則可能問你如何保持健康，或現在的人是否比過去更健康。
本詞組幫助你清楚地描述疾病、治療和預防。描述疾病：disease、illness、symptom、infection、virus，以及 chronic（慢性的，如 chronic pain）。描述醫療：diagnosis、treatment、therapy、surgery、prescription，以及相關人員 patient、physician、nurse。公共衛生討論需要 vaccination、epidemic、pandemic、immune 和 prevention——"預防勝於治療"正是這類作文的常見論點。
生活方式類作文非常常見，務必準確掌握 diet、nutrition、calorie、exercise、fitness。注意英語中的 diet 通常指日常飲食結構，而不只是"節食"。談心理健康時，stress、anxiety、depression 很有用，但要謹慎使用：它們是嚴肅的病症，考官欣賞平衡、尊重的語氣。addiction 可用於吸菸、飲酒以及過度使用手機等習慣。
人口問題需要 life expectancy、ageing、elderly。例句："As life expectancy rises, governments must spend more on care for elderly citizens." 注意 expectancy 幾乎總與 life 連用，the elderly 是正式寫作中常見的名詞短語。
建議每天進行簡短練習：今天學的詞明天會隔夜複習，之後每次記住，間隔都會更長。學完後，寫一小段關於你所在國家某個健康問題的文字，用卡片上的詞說明一個原因和一個解決辦法。
| 單字 | 音標 | 詞性 | 英文釋義 | 中文 | 等級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| health | /helθ/ | n. | being in a good condition; being well | n. 健康；身體狀況；n. 良好狀況；興旺 | A2 |
| medicine | /ˈmedɪsən/ | n. | liquid or pills used to treat illness or pain; the study of treating illness or pain | n. 藥；藥物；n. 醫學；醫術 | A2 |
| medical | /ˈmedɪkəl/ | adj. | of or relating to physical health or medicine | adj. 醫學的；醫療的；n. 體格檢查 | B1 |
| disease | /dɪˈziːz/ | n. | illness that affects a person, animal, or plant | n. 疾病 | A2 |
| illness | /ˈɪlnəs/ | n. | unhealthy condition of the mind or body | n. 疾病；生病 | A2 |
| symptom | /ˈsɪmptəm/ | n. | a change in someone or something that shows they have an illness or problem | n. 症狀；n. 徵兆；問題的表現 | B1 |
| diagnosis | /.daiəg'nəusis/ | n pl. | a judgment by a doctor about a person’s illness | n. 診斷 | L2 |
| treatment | /ˈtriːtmənt/ | n. | way someone acts toward another | n. 治療；療法；n. 對待；待遇 | B1 |
| therapy | /ˈθerəpi/ | n. | treatment intended to help fix your problem or medical illness | n. 治療；療法 | B2 |
| surgery | /ˈsɜːdʒəri/ | n. | medical treatment in which a doctor cuts into a body | n. 外科手術；外科學；n. 診所；診療室 | B2 |
| patient | /ˈpeɪʃənt/ | n. | not getting annoyed when things take a long time | n. 病人；患者；adj. 有耐心的；能忍耐的 | A2 |
| hospital | /ˈhɒspɪtl/ | n. | building for sick people, with doctors and nurses | n. 醫院 | A1 |
| clinic | /ˈklɪnɪk/ | n. | local medical center; department of a hospital | n. 診所；門診部 | B1 |
| vaccine | /ˈvæksiːn/ | n. | a substance that trains the immune system to resist disease | n. 疫苗 | B2 |
| vaccination | /ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃən/ | n. | Giving a vaccine to help protect someone against disease | n. 疫苗接種 | B2 |
| infection | /ɪnˈfekʃən/ | n. | act or state of becoming infected with a disease | n. 感染；傳染病 | B2 |
| virus | /ˈvaɪrəs/ | n. | a very small, basic living thing that causes disease or sickness | n. 病毒；n. 計算機病毒 | B1 |
| bacteria | /bæk'tiəriə/ | n. | the very small creatures that sometimes cause disease in humans and animals | pl. 細菌 | L2 |
| epidemic | /.epi'demik/ | adj. | a disease affecting many people | n. 傳染病, 流行病；adj. 流行的, 傳染性的 | L2 |
| pandemic | /pæn'demik/ | adj. | an epidemic that is geographically widespread; epidemic over a wide geographical area | adj. 大流行的, 普遍的, 全世界的 | L3 |
| obesity | /əʊˈbiːsəti/ | n. | A condition involving excess body fat that can harm health | n. 肥胖症 | B2 |
| diet | /ˈdaɪət/ | n. | the type of food that a person or animal usually eats | n. 日常飲食；n. 特定飲食；節食方案 | A2 |
| nutrition | /njuˈtrɪʃən/ | n. | the process of obtaining and using food for health | n. 營養；營養攝取；n. 營養學 | B2 |
| nutrient | /'nju:triənt/ | n. | a chemical, food, that animals and plants need to live, develop, and be healthy | adj. 營養的, 滋養的；n. 營養物, 滋養物 | L2 |
| calorie | /ˈkæləri/ | n. | A unit measuring energy, especially energy in food | n. 卡路里；熱量單位 | B2 |
| vitamin | /ˈvɪtəmɪn/ | n. | a substance that is healthy for your body and can be found in foods or taken as a medicine | n. 維生素 | B2 |
| exercise | /ˈeksəsaɪz/ | n. | to work out to become stronger and healthier | n. 運動；練習；v. 鍛鍊；運動 | A1 |
| fitness | /ˈfɪtnəs/ | n. | The condition of being physically healthy and strong | n. 身體健康；體能；n. 適合；勝任 | B1 |
| mental | /ˈmentəl/ | adj. | concerning the mind | adj. 精神的；心理的；adj. 腦力的；在頭腦中進行的 | B1 |
| stress | /stres/ | n. | to be in a state of mental tension due to problems | n. 精神壓力；緊張；v. 強調 | B1 |
| anxiety | /æŋˈzaɪəti/ | n. | fear about what might happen; worry | n. 焦慮；擔憂 | B2 |
| depression | /dɪˈpreʃən/ | n. | a feeling of great sadness | n. 抑鬱症；抑鬱；n. 經濟蕭條 | B2 |
| sleep | /sliːp/ | v. | to rest your body in bed, as at night time | v. 睡覺；n. 睡眠 | A1 |
| chronic | /ˈkrɒnɪk/ | adj. | over a long time; serious | adj. 慢性的；adj. 長期存在的；反覆發生的 | C1 |
| prevention | /prɪˈvenʃən/ | n. | Action taken to stop something unwanted from happening | n. 預防；防止 | B2 |
| immune | /ɪˈmjuːn/ | adj. | not affected by something, such as a disease | adj. 有免疫力的；adj. 免疫系統的 | B2 |
| addiction | /ə'dikʃən/ | n. | being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs); an abnormally strong craving | n. 入迷, 癮 | L2 |
| smoking | /ˈsməʊkɪŋ/ | n. | The activity or habit of breathing in smoke from tobacco | n. 吸菸 | A2 |
| alcohol | /ˈælkəhɒl/ | n. | drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer | n. 酒；含酒精飲品；n. 酒精；乙醇 | B1 |
| drug | /drʌɡ/ | n. | chemical used as a medicine | n. 藥物；n. 毒品 | B1 |
| pharmaceutical | /ˌfɑːməˈsuːtɪkəl/ | adj. | relating to medicines or their production | adj. 製藥的；藥物的；n. 藥品 | C1 |
| prescription | /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/ | n. | A doctor's written order for medicine, or the medicine ordered | n. 處方；處方藥；n. 解決方案；對策 | B2 |
| physician | /fɪˈzɪʃən/ | n. | a medical doctor | n. 醫生；內科醫生 | C1 |
| nurse | /nɜːs/ | n. | person trained to care for sick or injured people | n. 護士；v. 護理；照料 | A2 |
| healthcare | /'helθkεə/ | n. | the preservation of mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession | n. 醫療保健；衛生保健；健康護理, 健康服務 | L3 |
| life | /laɪf/ | n. | all the living things (e.g., animals, plants, humans) | n. 生活；人生；n. 生命；生存 | A1 |
| expectancy | /ɪkˈspektənsi/ | n. | A feeling that something pleasant or exciting will happen | n. 期待；期盼；n. 預期壽命；預計持續期 | B2 |
| ageing | /'eidʒiŋ/ | n. | n acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time; n the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age | n. 變老, 成熟 | L3 |
| elderly | /ˈeldəli/ | adj. | a polite word for 'old', used to describe people | adj. 年老的；上了年紀的 | B2 |
| disability | /disə'biliti/ | n. | a condition that limits a person's ability to do something | n. 無力, 無能, 殘疾 | L2 |
| wellbeing | n. | a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous | n. 健康, 幸福, 福利, 舒適, 安寧 | L3 | |
| injury | /ˈɪndʒəri/ | n. | physical or emotional harm or damage that a person experiences | n. 身體損傷；受傷 | B1 |
| recover | /rɪˈkʌvə/ | v. | to become healthy after an illness or injury; to get better | v. 康復；恢復；v. 找回；重新獲得 | B1 |
| recovery | /rɪˈkʌvəri/ | n. | process of returning to a former state after problems | n. 康復；恢復；n. 找回；收回 | B2 |
其他話題
資料來源與致謝
- 詞目和英文釋義: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音標、CEFR 等級、例句和中文釋義: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改說明：選取部分欄位，釋義精簡，中文轉換為繁體。
- 補充音標和中文翻譯: ECDICT (MIT)
- 複習排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
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