雅思词汇：工作与职业
工作与职业贯穿雅思考试的各个部分。口语 Part 1 常以"Do you work or are you a student?"开场，Part 3 可能讨论工作满意度、居家办公或 employment 的未来。写作 Task 2 可能问：人们是否应该一辈子为同一个 employer 工作？高 salary 是否比有趣的工作更重要？
本词组涵盖求职、工作和离职的词汇。求职阶段：vacancy、applicant、candidate、interview、recruit、recruitment。工作本身：occupation、profession、colleague、manager、staff、workforce。薪酬与条件：salary、wage、income、pension、overtime、shift。salary 通常指固定年薪，wage 多按小时或周计算——区分二者能让回答更精确。
现代工作方式是热门话题。freelance、part-time 工作，flexible 工作时间，漫长的 commute，都是考生可以结合亲身经验谈论的内容。productivity 和 efficiency 适合讨论远程办公的利弊，teamwork 和 leadership 描述雇主看重的能力；年轻人初入职场则可以用 internship 和 apprentice。
离职方式也有讲究：resign 是主动辞职，retire 是因年龄退休，redundancy 是因岗位不再需要而被裁员。用对词能体现你对话题的真正掌握。还要注意搭配：apply for a job、gain experience、earn a promotion、meet a deadline。
每天学一点：今天学的新词明天隔夜复习，熟悉的词复习频率越来越低，精力集中在需要的地方。每次学完，用一分钟口头描述你现在的工作或理想工作，尽量自然地用上本词组的单词。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| employment | /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ | n. | having a job; work done for money | n. 就业；受雇；工作；n. 使用；运用 | B1 |
| unemployment | /.ʌnim'plɒimənt/ | n. | the number of people in an area who want to work but do not have a job | n. 失业, 失业人数 | L2 |
| employer | /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ | n. | person or firm that pays people to work for them | n. 雇主；用人单位 | B1 |
| employee | /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ | n. | person who works for someone else for payment | n. 雇员；员工 | A2 |
| career | /kəˈrɪə/ | n. | particular occupation in professional life | n. 职业；职业生涯；v. 飞驰；猛冲 | A2 |
| occupation | /ˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən/ | n. | a career or regular job | n. 职业；工作；n. 军事占领 | B1 |
| profession | /prəˈfeʃən/ | n. | job requiring special education or skills | n. 职业；专业性职业；n. 某职业的全体从业者 | B1 |
| professional | /prəˈfeʃənəl/ | adj. | about a job such as a doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc. | adj. 专业的；职业的；adj. 专业得体的；称职的 | B1 |
| salary | /ˈsæləri/ | n. | money an employee is paid each year | n. 薪水；薪金 | A2 |
| wage | /weɪdʒ/ | n. | money paid to workers for the hours they worked | n. 工资；工钱；v. 开展；发动 | B1 |
| income | /ˈɪnkʌm/ | n. | earned money from work, investments, or business | n. 收入；收益 | B1 |
| promotion | /prəu'məuʃən/ | n. | moving someone to a more important position | n. 晋级, 创建, 增进 | L2 |
| recruit | /rɪˈkruːt/ | v. | to get people to come and work, join, or study with you | v. 招聘；招募；n. 新员工；新成员；新兵 | B2 |
| recruitment | /rɪˈkruːtmənt/ | n. | the process of finding people to join an organisation | n. 招聘；招募 | B2 |
| colleague | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | n. | someone who works with you; coworker | n. 同事；同僚 | A2 |
| manager | /ˈmænɪdʒə/ | n. | person who controls and runs a business or group | n. 经理；管理者 | A2 |
| management | /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ | n. | people who are in control of a business or group | n. 管理；经营；n. 管理层；管理人员 | B1 |
| staff | /stɑːf/ | n. | employees of a company | n. 全体员工；工作人员；v. 为…配备员工 | B1 |
| workforce | n. | n the force of workers available | n. 劳动力；工人总数, 职工总数 | L2 | |
| labour | /'leibə/ | n. | n a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages; n concluding state of pregnancy | n. 劳动, 努力, 工作, 劳工, 分娩；v. 劳动, 努力, 苦干 | L3 |
| retire | /rɪˈtaɪə/ | v. | to stop working because you have reached a certain age | v. 退休；退役；v. 退出比赛 | B1 |
| retirement | /ri'taiəmənt/ | n. | time when someone has stopped working because of their age | n. 退休, 隐居, 撤退 | L1 |
| pension | /'penʃən/ | n. | regular payments you receive after you retire | n. 养老金, 退休金, 津贴, 年金, 抚恤金, 膳宿学校, 膳宿费；v. 发给退休金, 用津贴拉拢 | L2 |
| contract | /ˈkɒntrækt/ | n. | legal agreement (e.g., for doing work for money) | n. 合同；契约；v. 收缩；缩小 | B2 |
| freelance | /ˈfriːlɑːns/ | adj. | Working independently for different clients rather than one employer | adj. 自由职业的；adv. 以自由职业方式 | B2 |
| part-time | /ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/ | adj. | Involving fewer hours than a full working or studying week | adj. 兼职的；非全日制的；adv. 兼职地；非全日制地 | A2 |
| overtime | /ˈəʊvətaɪm/ | n. | Extra working hours, or the money paid for them | n. 加班时间；加班费；adv. 加班地 | B2 |
| shift | /ʃɪft/ | v. | to change in position or direction | v. 移动；转变；n. 转变；变化 | B2 |
| productivity | /.prəudʌk'tiviti/ | n. | rate at which something is made or that people work | n. 生产力 | L2 |
| efficiency | /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ | n. | working well; producing something without waste | n. 效率；效能 | B2 |
| skilled | /skɪld/ | adj. | Having the training and ability to do something well | adj. 熟练的；有技能的；adj. 需要专门技能的 | B2 |
| unskilled | /.ʌn'skild/ | adj. | not having or showing or requiring special skill or proficiency | adj. 无(特殊)技能的, 不熟练的, 拙劣的 | L3 |
| apprentice | /ə'prentis/ | n. | works for an expert to learn a trade; be or work as an apprentice | n. 学徒, 生手；v. 使做学徒 | L3 |
| internship | /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ | n. | A temporary job providing practical experience in a particular field | n. 实习岗位；实习期 | B2 |
| interview | /ˈɪntəvjuː/ | n. | to formally ask questions about a given topic | n. 面试；面谈；n. 采访；访谈 | A2 |
| resign | /rɪˈzaɪn/ | v. | to leave a job because you want to | v. 辞职；辞去；v. 使自己接受不如意的事 | B2 |
| redundancy | /rɪˈdʌndənsi/ | n. | Job loss because an employer no longer needs the position | n. 裁员；职位撤销；n. 冗余；多余重复 | C1 |
| promote | /prəˈməʊt/ | v. | to try to encourage the popularity and sales of a product | v. 促进；提倡；v. 晋升；提拔 | B1 |
| workplace | /ˈwɜːkpleɪs/ | n. | A place where people do their jobs | n. 工作场所 | B1 |
| job | /dʒɒb/ | n. | regular work of earning money | n. 工作；职位；n. 任务；活儿 | A1 |
| vacancy | /ˈveɪkənsi/ | n. | A job or position available for someone to fill | n. 职位空缺；n. 空房；可用客房 | B2 |
| applicant | /ˈæplɪkənt/ | n. | Someone who formally requests a job, place, or permission | n. 申请人 | B2 |
| candidate | /ˈkændɪdət/ | n. | a person being considered for a job or position in office | n. 候选人；求职者；n. 应试者 | B2 |
| experience | /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ | n. | knowledge gained by living life, doing new things | n. 经验；n. 经历；体验 | A2 |
| leadership | /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ | n. | quality of being able to guide or influence others | n. 领导能力；领导；n. 领导层 | B2 |
| teamwork | /ˈtiːmwɜːk/ | n. | People working together effectively to achieve a shared goal | n. 团队合作 | B2 |
| deadline | /ˈdedlaɪn/ | n. | a date or time before which something must be done | n. 截止日期；最后期限 | B2 |
| commute | /kəˈmjuːt/ | v. | To travel regularly between home and work | v. 通勤；往返上班；n. 通勤路程 | B2 |
| flexible | /ˈfleksəbl/ | adj. | capable of being easily bent or changed without breaking | adj. 灵活的；可调整的；adj. 柔韧的；易弯曲的 | B2 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明：选取部分字段，释义精简，中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。