雅思词汇:社会与家庭
社会类题目要求你思考人们如何共同生活。雅思常见话题包括 family 生活的变化、现代社会中 tradition 的作用、immigration、gender equality,以及大城市中日益突出的 loneliness 问题。这类题目青睐能够冷静、准确地讨论敏感议题的考生。
本词组整理了关于人群、群体和社会变迁的词汇。家庭与人生阶段:household、marriage、divorce、parent、childhood、adolescent、teenager、youth、adult。社区与公民:community、population、generation、citizen、citizenship。代际问题很常见,建议练习 the generation gap、younger generations 等短语。
文化与身份认同需要 culture、custom、tradition、traditional、religion、ethnic、identity。谈人口流动时,注意区分 immigrant(移入定居者)、migrant(迁移者,常因工作)以及 immigration、migration 这两个过程。谈公平问题,equality、discrimination、minority、diversity、racism 必不可少,并应在平衡的表述中使用,例如:"Laws against discrimination protect minority groups and make society fairer."
社会问题与解决办法也在本词组中:homeless、isolation、loneliness 描述困境,volunteer 和 charity 描述互助。behaviour、attitude、lifestyle 是几乎所有口语回答都能用到的通用词。defend 也收录在这里:人们捍卫自己的权利、传统和观点。
请记住,其中很多词比较敏感。优先使用 older people、people from minority groups 等中性表达,避免对整个国家或宗教一概而论。冷静、平衡的语气本身就是高分回答的一部分,也会让你的论点在考官看来更有说服力。
每天小步学习:今天的新词明天隔夜复习,之后间隔逐步拉长。为了主动运用,选一个你观察到的社会变化(比如晚婚现象),用本词组的词写一小段,解释其原因和影响。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| society | /səˈsaɪəti/ | n. | community of people living together | n. 社会;n. 协会;社团 | B1 |
| community | /kəˈmjuːnəti/ | n. | group of people who share a common idea or area | n. 社区;当地居民;n. 群体;共同体 | B1 |
| population | /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃən/ | n. | number of people who live in a country, area, etc. | n. 人口;全体居民;n. 种群 | B1 |
| generation | /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/ | n. | people born and living at about the same time | n. 一代人;一代;n. 产生;发电 | B1 |
| tradition | /trəˈdɪʃən/ | n. | way of thinking, and behaving that was used for a long time | n. 传统;惯例 | B1 |
| traditional | /trəˈdɪʃənəl/ | adj. | involved in a tradition | adj. 传统的;沿袭已久的 | A2 |
| culture | /ˈkʌltʃə/ | n. | beliefs and customs of a particular group | n. 文化;习俗;n. 文化艺术活动 | B1 |
| custom | /ˈkʌstəm/ | n. | what is usual or normal | n. 风俗;惯例;adj. 定制的 | B1 |
| family | /ˈfæməli/ | n. | a group of people who are related through blood | n. 家庭;家人;亲属;n. 科;语族;同类群 | A1 |
| household | /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ | n. | all the people who live in a house; a family | n. 一户;同住的一家人;adj. 家庭的;家用的 | B2 |
| marriage | /ˈmærɪdʒ/ | n. | formal relationship between a husband and a wife | n. 婚姻;结婚;n. 紧密结合 | B1 |
| divorce | /dɪˈvɔːs/ | n. | legal ending of a marriage | n. 离婚;v. 与…离婚;离婚 | B1 |
| parent | /ˈpeərənt/ | n. | person's mother or father | n. 父亲或母亲;n. 母公司 | A1 |
| childhood | /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ | n. | the time when you are a child | n. 童年;幼年时期 | B1 |
| adolescent | /ˌædəˈlesənt/ | n. | Teenager developing into an adult | n. 青少年;adj. 青春期的;青少年的 | B2 |
| teenager | /ˈtiːneɪdʒə/ | n. | a person between the ages of 13 and 19 | n. 十三至十九岁青少年 | A2 |
| youth | /juːθ/ | n. | when you are young; a young person | n. 青年时期;青春;n. 青年群体 | B1 |
| adult | /ˈædʌlt/ | n. | person or animal that is fully grown | n. 成年人;成年动物;adj. 成年的;成年人的 | A1 |
| gender | /ˈdʒendə/ | n. | state of being male or female | n. 性别;n. 语法性 | B2 |
| equality | /i:'kwɒliti/ | n. | the idea that all people have the same rights | n. 平等, 均匀, 相等 | L2 |
| discrimination | /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ | n. | the ability to recognize the difference between things; treating different groups of people unfairly | n. 歧视;n. 辨别力;鉴别 | B2 |
| minority | /mai'nɒriti/ | n. | a part of a group that is less than half of the whole; a small part | n. 少数, 未成年, 少数民族;adj. 少数的, 属于少数派的 | L1 |
| immigrant | /'imigrənt/ | n. | person moving to another country to live there | n. 移民;adj. 移入的, 移民的 | L1 |
| immigration | /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən/ | n. | the act of moving from one country to another for good | n. 移民入境;移居;n. 入境检查;入境检查处 | B2 |
| migrant | /'maigrənt/ | n. | traveler who moves from one region or country to another; habitually moving from place to place especially in search of seasonal work | n. 候鸟, 移居者 | L2 |
| migration | /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/ | n. | the process by which people or animals move to another place | n. 人口迁移;移居;n. 动物迁徙 | B2 |
| citizen | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | n. | person who belongs to and has rights in a country | n. 公民;n. 市民;居民 | B1 |
| citizenship | /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/ | n. | the legal status of belonging to a particular country | n. 公民身份;公民资格;n. 公民责任与行为 | B2 |
| volunteer | /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ | n. | someone who works willingly without pay | n. 志愿者;义工;v. 自愿做;主动提供 | B1 |
| charity | /ˈtʃærəti/ | n. | organization providing help to the needy, the sick | n. 慈善机构;n. 慈善;救济 | B1 |
| homeless | /ˈhəʊmləs/ | adj. | Without a permanent place to live | adj. 无家可归的 | B2 |
| diversity | /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ | n. | state or quality of having a range of different things | n. 多样性;差异性 | B2 |
| identity | /aɪˈdentəti/ | n. | who someone is; the collection of qualities that makes a person | n. 身份;n. 特性;认同感 | B1 |
| religion | /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ | n. | set of beliefs about a god or gods | n. 宗教;宗教信仰 | B1 |
| religious | /ri'lidʒəs/ | adj. | concerning religion or faith | adj. 宗教性的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 严谨的;n. 修道士, 出家人 | L1 |
| ethnic | /'eθnik/ | adj. | connected with people who share a cultural tradition | adj. 人种的, 种族的 | L1 |
| racism | /'reisizm/ | n. | the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races; discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race | n. 种族主义, 种族偏见 | L2 |
| behaviour | /bɪˈheɪvjə/ | n. | The way a person or animal acts | n. 行为;举止;n. 运行方式;反应特性 | A2 |
| attitude | /ˈætɪtjuːd/ | n. | way you act, think, and feel about something | n. 态度;看法 | B1 |
| lifestyle | /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ | n. | the type of life that you have | n. 生活方式 | B1 |
| individual | /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ | adj. | single person, looked at separately from others | adj. 个人的;单独的;n. 个人;个体 | B1 |
| isolation | /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ | n. | The state of being separated from other people or places | n. 孤立;隔绝;n. 隔离 | B2 |
| loneliness | /ˈləʊnlinəs/ | n. | Sadness caused by feeling alone or lacking close relationships | n. 孤独;寂寞 | B2 |
| defend | /dɪˈfend/ | v. | to protect against an attack | v. 保护;保卫;v. 辩护;捍卫 | B1 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明:选取部分字段,释义精简,中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。