雅思词汇:食物与农业
食物与农业把个人习惯和全球议题联系在一起,所以在雅思中很常见。口语 Part 1 可能问你平时吃什么、喜不喜欢做饭;写作 Task 2 则可能涉及快餐、vegetarian 饮食、世界 hunger 问题,或 genetically modified 作物的使用。好的回答能在厨房和农田之间自如切换。
本词组整理了关于生产、购买和食用食物的词汇。农业:agriculture、agricultural、farm、farmer、farming、crop、harvest、cultivate、livestock、cattle、grain、wheat、rice、irrigation、fertiliser、soil。注意英式拼写 fertiliser;produce 作名词时指新鲜农产品,如 local produce(重音在第一个音节)。
食物与饮食:ingredient、recipe、meal、snack、protein、fat、sugar、beverage,以及 vegetarian 和 vegan。vegetarian 不吃肉,vegan 不食用任何动物制品,这个区别值得用准。processed 食品是常见作文话题:"Processed food is cheap and convenient, but it often contains too much sugar and fat."
全球议题需要 hunger、famine、supermarket,有关科技的讨论则用 genetically modified:"Genetically modified crops could reduce hunger, but some people worry about their long-term effects." restaurant 和 fast food 则补全了现代饮食习惯的图景。
食物话题也很适合练习因果表达。例如:"Because farmers use more fertiliser, harvests have grown, but soil quality has declined in some regions." 用 because、so、but 把两三个话题词连接起来,就能写出高分段需要的完整、有逻辑的长句。
每天进行简短练习:今天遇到的词明天隔夜复习,随着熟悉程度间隔逐渐拉长。每次学完,描述一道你家乡的传统菜,列出配料并说明做法,使用本词组的单词。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| food | /fuːd/ | n. | what people and animals eat to live | n. 食物;食品 | A1 |
| agriculture | /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | n. | the science of farming | n. 农业 | B2 |
| agricultural | /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ | adj. | concerning farming | adj. 农业的;农用的 | B2 |
| farm | /fɑːm/ | n. | land used for growing crops or raising animals | n. 农场;v. 务农;耕种;养殖 | A1 |
| farmer | /ˈfɑːmə/ | n. | someone who owns or looks after farm, a place for growing crops and keeping animals | n. 农民;农场主 | A1 |
| farming | /ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ | n. | Growing crops or raising animals for food and other products | n. 农业;农场经营 | B1 |
| crop | /krɒp/ | n. | plants grown on a farm for food (e.g., corn or rice) | n. 庄稼;农作物;n. 一季的收成 | B1 |
| harvest | /ˈhɑːvɪst/ | n. | the time of year to bring crops in from the fields | n. 收割;收成;v. 收割;采收 | B2 |
| cultivate | /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ | v. | To prepare land for crops or grow plants | v. 耕作;栽培;v. 培养;发展 | C1 |
| livestock | /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ | n. | farm animals kept for food, materials, or work | n. 牲畜;家畜 | B2 |
| cattle | /ˈkætl/ | n. | cows or bulls on a farm | n. 牛;牛群 | B1 |
| grain | /ɡreɪn/ | n. | seeds of plants used for food | n. 谷物;粮食;n. 颗粒;细粒 | B1 |
| wheat | /wiːt/ | n. | a kind of grain that is used to make flour for bread | n. 小麦 | B1 |
| rice | /raɪs/ | n. | white or brown grains from a plant used for food | n. 大米;米饭;稻 | A1 |
| irrigation | /ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃən/ | n. | supplying land with water using pipes | n. 灌溉 | C1 |
| fertiliser | /'fə:tilaizə/ | n any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile | L3 | ||
| soil | /sɔɪl/ | n. | top layer of earth in which plants grow | n. 土壤;v. 弄脏 | B1 |
| produce | /prəˈdjuːs/; /ˈprɒdjuːs/ | v. | to manufacture something using machines | v. 生产;创作;v. 产生;引起 | B1 |
| processed | adj. | subjected to a special process or treatment; prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process | adj. 处理的, 加工过的 | L3 | |
| ingredient | /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ | n. | one of the foods used to prepare a dish | n. 配料;食材;n. 要素;因素 | B1 |
| recipe | /ˈresəpi/ | n. | directions for making something | n. 食谱;烹饪方法;n. 促成某结果的方法或因素 | B1 |
| meal | /miːl/ | n. | food for eating at a particular time (e.g., dinner) | n. 一餐;一顿饭 | A1 |
| snack | /snæk/ | n. | A small amount of food eaten between main meals | n. 零食;小吃;v. 吃零食;吃点心 | A2 |
| vegetarian | /ˌvedʒɪˈteəriən/ | n. | A person who does not eat meat or fish | n. 素食者;adj. 素食的;不含肉鱼的 | B1 |
| vegan | /ˈviːɡən/ | n. | Someone who avoids animal foods and usually other animal products | n. 纯素食者;adj. 纯素的;不含动物制品的 | B2 |
| protein | /ˈprəʊtiːn/ | n. | a substance found in some foods, such as meat, that is needed by the body to stay healthy | n. 蛋白质 | B2 |
| fat | /fæt/ | n. | oily part of meat | n. 脂肪;食用油脂;adj. 肥胖的;肥的 | A2 |
| sugar | /ˈʃʊɡə/ | n. | white sweet substance used to make foods sweeter | n. 糖;食糖 | A1 |
| beverage | /ˈbevərɪdʒ/ | n. | A drink, such as tea, juice, or coffee | n. 饮料 | B2 |
| restaurant | /ˈrestrɒnt/ | n. | place where you can order, buy and eat a meal | n. 餐馆;餐厅 | A1 |
| fast | /fɑːst/ | adj. | moving or able to move quickly | adj. 快速的;adv. 迅速地;快 | A1 |
| hunger | /ˈhʌŋɡə/ | n. | feeling of needing to eat food | n. 饥饿;食物匮乏;n. 渴望 | B1 |
| famine | /ˈfæmɪn/ | n. | a severe shortage of food affecting many people | n. 饥荒 | B2 |
| genetically | adv. | caused or controlled, or by genes | adv. 创始, 遗传学, 生殖, 基因, 遗传, 发生 | L2 | |
| modified | /ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/ | adj. | Changed partly to suit a purpose or improve how something works | adj. 经修改的;经调整的 | B2 |
| supermarket | /ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt/ | n. | a large shop selling food and other everyday goods | n. 超级市场;超市 | A1 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明:选取部分字段,释义精简,中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。