雅思词汇：环境
环境是雅思写作 Task 2 最常见的话题之一：个人和政府谁该为治理 pollution 负更多责任？经济增长与环境保护能否兼顾？为什么有些国家产生的垃圾远多于其他国家？口语 Part 3 也常从"你在家会垃圾分类吗"这样的个人问题，过渡到关于 climate 政策的宏观讨论，所以你需要既能谈日常、又能谈政策的词汇。
本词组按"原因—影响—对策"的思路整理词汇。描述原因时，用 emission、deforestation、consumption、pesticide 精确点出问题，而不是反复说"对自然不好"；描述影响时，extinction、drought、erosion、biodiversity 能说明后果有多严重；提出对策时，记住 renewable、conservation、sustainable、recycle，并以短语形式练习：renewable energy、wildlife conservation、sustainable development。
准确度和词汇量同样重要。注意 environment（名词，环境）与 environmental（形容词，如 environmental damage）的区别；extinct 是形容词（an extinct species），extinction 是名词（the extinction of the tiger）。考官在"词汇丰富程度"评分项中会留意这类词性控制，用错词形很容易被扣分。
建议保持稳定的学习节奏：今天学几张新卡，明天应用会安排一次"隔夜复习"——这正是遗忘最快的时候；记牢的卡片之后间隔会越来越长，把时间留给仍然困难的词。每次学完，试着用卡片背面的词写两句关于本地环境问题的句子，例如："The city has reduced plastic waste, but air pollution from traffic is still serious." 把单词放进自己的句子里，是把"认识"变成"会用"的最快方法。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment | /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ | n. | natural world in which plants and animals live | n. 自然环境；n. 生活或工作环境 | A2 |
| pollution | /pəˈluːʃən/ | n. | dirty or dangerous waste released into an environment | n. 污染 | B1 |
| emission | /ɪˈmɪʃən/ | n. | a substance (e.g. gas) released into the air | n. 排放物；排放量；n. 排放；发出 | B2 |
| climate | /ˈklaɪmət/ | n. | typical weather conditions in a particular place | n. 气候；n. 社会环境；风气；氛围 | B1 |
| atmosphere | /ˈætməsfɪə/ | n. | The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth; the feeling that a place or situation gives you | n. 气氛；氛围；n. 大气；大气层 | B1 |
| carbon | /ˈkɑːbən/ | n. | a chemical element (C) found in all living things | n. 碳 | B1 |
| fossil | /ˈfɒsəl/ | n. | a plant or animal that has become rock after many thousands of years | n. 化石 | B2 |
| fuel | /ˈfjuːəl/ | n. | material used to produce heat or power when burned | n. 燃料；v. 给……加燃料 | B1 |
| renewable | /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ | adj. | Naturally replaced and therefore available for continued use | adj. （能源、资源）可再生的；adj. 可续期的 | B2 |
| solar | /ˈsəʊlə/ | adj. | to do with the sun, like sunlight or the heat from the sun | adj. 太阳的；adj. 利用太阳能的 | B1 |
| wind | /wɪnd/, /waɪnd/ | n. | natural movement of outside air as part of the weather | n. 风；v. 缠绕；卷绕 | A2 |
| energy | /ˈenədʒi/ | n. | physical or mental strength | n. 精力；活力；n. 能量；能源 | A2 |
| conservation | /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/ | n. | the management of land and water in ways that stop it from being damaged | n. 自然环境保护；n. 节约；资源保护 | B2 |
| conserve | /kənˈsɜːv/ | v. | to keep safe | v. 节约；避免浪费；v. 保护；保存 | B2 |
| habitat | /ˈhæbɪtæt/ | n. | the natural place, or type of place, where a plant or animal lives | n. 栖息地；生存环境 | B2 |
| species | /ˈspiːʃiːz/ | n. | a group of related animals or plant | n. 物种 | B2 |
| extinct | /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ | adj. | having no living members left | adj. 灭绝的；adj. 死的；不再喷发的 | B2 |
| extinction | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ | n. | the complete disappearance of a species or type of thing | n. 灭绝；消亡 | B2 |
| biodiversity | n. | the variation in an environment, the number of different types of life found there | n. 生物多样性 | L3 | |
| ecosystem | /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ | n. | Living things and their environment interacting as a connected system | n. 生态系统 | B2 |
| deforestation | /ˌdiːfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ | n. | The clearing of forests by cutting down trees | n. 森林砍伐；毁林 | B2 |
| forest | /ˈfɒrɪst/ | n. | large area with many trees | n. 森林；林区 | A2 |
| drought | /draʊt/ | n. | A long period with little or no rain | n. 干旱；旱灾 | B2 |
| flood | /flʌd/ | n. | a large amount of water covering land that is usually dry | n. 洪水；水灾；v. 淹没；被水淹 | B1 |
| waste | /weɪst/ | v. | to use valuable things ineffectively | v. 浪费；n. 废物；垃圾 | A2 |
| recycle | /ˌriːˈsaɪkəl/ | v. | to process used materials so they can be used again | v. 回收利用 | B1 |
| recycling | /ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ/ | n. | the process of turning waste into materials usable again | n. 回收利用；n. 待回收物品 | B1 |
| landfill | /ˈlændfɪl/ | n. | A place where waste is buried in the ground | n. 垃圾填埋场；n. 垃圾填埋 | B2 |
| plastic | /ˈplæstɪk/ | n. | a very common, light, strong material that can be formed into many different shapes and is made by a chemical process | n. 塑料；adj. 塑料制的 | A2 |
| sustainable | /səˈsteɪnəbl/ | adj. | capable of continuing for a long time at the same level; does not damage the environment | adj. 不破坏环境的；可持续的；adj. 可长期维持的 | B2 |
| sustainability | /sə,stenə'bɪlɪti/ | n. | the property of being sustainable | n. 持续性, 能维持性, 永续性 | L3 |
| greenhouse | /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ | n. | a glass or plastic building that keeps growing plants warm | n. 温室；暖房 | B2 |
| ozone | /ˈəʊzəʊn/ | n. | A gas whose molecules each contain three oxygen atoms | n. 臭氧 | B2 |
| contaminate | /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ | v. | make something dirty or unsafe by adding harmful substances | v. 污染；使受污染 | C1 |
| toxic | /'tɒksik/ | adj. | poisonous; harmful | adj. 有毒的, 中毒的 | L2 |
| pesticide | /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ | n. | a chemical substance used to kill pests | n. 农药；杀虫剂 | B2 |
| wildlife | /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ | n. | Animals and other living things in their natural surroundings | n. 野生动物；野生生物 | B1 |
| endangered | /in'deindʒəd/ | adj. | (of flora or fauna) in imminent danger of extinction | adj. 有生命危险的；濒临灭绝的 | L2 |
| resource | /rɪˈzɔːs/ | n. | essential supply of something | n. 资源；财力；人力；n. 资料；学习资源 | B1 |
| consumption | /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ | n. | how much is spent on things; the process of eating and drinking | n. 消耗；消费；n. 食用；饮用；摄入量 | B2 |
| reduce | /rɪˈdjuːs/ | v. | to make something smaller or use less of it | v. 减少；降低；缩小 | B1 |
| preserve | /prɪˈzɜːv/ | v. | to keep something in an unchanged or perfect condition | v. 保护；保存；维持；v. 保藏食物 | B2 |
| protect | /prəˈtekt/ | v. | to defend someone or something from harm or danger | v. 保护；防护 | A2 |
| environmental | /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ | adj. | of the natural world in which plants and animals live | adj. 自然环境的；环保的；adj. 周围环境的 | B1 |
| global | /ˈɡləʊbəl/ | adj. | concerning, affecting, or involving the entire world | adj. 全球的；世界性的；adj. 整体的；全面的 | B1 |
| warming | /'wɔ:miŋ/ | n. | imparting heat | n. 暖和, 加温, 暖热, 温暖, (非正式)打, 鞭打 | L2 |
| temperature | /ˈtemprətʃə/ | n. | a measure of how hot or cold something is (e.g., the weather) | n. 温度；气温；体温；n. 发烧 | A2 |
| glacier | /'gleiʃə/ | n. | a slowly moving mass of ice | n. 冰川 | L3 |
| ocean | /ˈəʊʃən/ | n. | large body of salt water that covers most of the surface of the earth | n. 海洋；大洋 | A2 |
| coastal | /'kəustəl/ | adj. | of or relating to a coast; located on or near or bordering on a coast | adj. 海岸的, 沿海的, 沿岸的 | L2 |
| erosion | /ɪˈrəʊʒən/ | n. | The gradual removal of soil or rock by natural forces | n. 侵蚀；风化剥蚀；n. 逐渐削弱；损耗 | C1 |
| organic | /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ | adj. | concerning food made with few or no chemicals | adj. 有机种植的；有机的；adj. 有机物的；生物体的 | B2 |
| natural | /ˈnætʃərəl/ | adj. | not made by humans; without human intervention | adj. 天然的；自然界的；adj. 天生的 | A2 |
| disaster | /dɪˈzɑːstə/ | n. | something that causes a lot of harm or damage | n. 灾难；灾祸；n. 彻底的失败；糟糕的事 | B1 |
| earthquake | /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ | n. | Sudden shaking of the ground caused by movement beneath Earth's surface | n. 地震 | B1 |
| shortage | /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ | n. | a situation in which there is not enough of something | n. 短缺；不足 | B2 |
| scarce | /skeəs/ | adj. | not available in large enough amounts to meet demand | adj. 稀缺的；不足的 | B2 |
| footprint | /ˈfʊtprɪnt/ | n. | A mark left by a foot on a surface | n. 脚印；足迹；n. 占用空间 | B2 |
| degrade | /dɪˈɡreɪd/ | v. | to treat someone without respect; to reduce in amount or strength | v. 使恶化；降低质量；v. 降解；分解 | C1 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明：选取部分字段，释义精简，中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。