雅思词汇:城市与住房
城市与住房是雅思的重要主题,尤其是在全球越来越多人口居住在城市的背景下。写作 Task 2 可能涉及交通 congestion、housing 成本上涨,或人们是否应从农村迁往 city。写作 Task 1 常出现城镇变迁地图题,需要描述建筑、道路和设施的词汇。
本词组提供关于地点、人群和问题的词汇。对比 urban、rural、suburb、suburban,较小的聚居地用 town 和 village。住房:housing、accommodation、apartment、residential、resident。注意 accommodation 在英式英语中不可数:"There is not enough affordable accommodation for students." 社区生活:neighbourhood(英式拼写)、facility、amenity——amenities 指公园、图书馆等让生活更便利舒适的设施。
交通题需要 congestion、traffic、transport、transportation、commuter、pedestrian、vehicle、highway。例如:"Pedestrian zones in the city centre reduce congestion and make shopping more pleasant." 描述城市扩张及其问题,可以用 density、overcrowded、crowded、noise、slum。
地图题和城市规划题会用到 construction、architecture、building、skyscraper、planning、development、landscape。例如:"Between 2000 and 2020, the farmland to the north was replaced by a residential development." 这些词能帮你清晰、准确地描述变化。
城市词汇也常出现在听力的地图和平面图题中,录音会介绍校园、公园或新建住宅区的布局。提前掌握 pedestrian、residential、facility 等词,能让你更轻松地跟上方位描述,并正确拼写答案。
每天进行简短练习:今天学的词明天隔夜复习,之后间隔逐步拉长。每次学完,用五句话描述你居住的区域,提到住房、交通和设施,并使用本词组的单词。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| city | /ˈsɪti/ | n. | a heavily populated area with many buildings and roads | n. 城市;都市 | A1 |
| urban | /ˈɜːbən/ | adj. | concerning a city; located in a city | adj. 城市的;城镇的 | B2 |
| rural | /ˈrʊərəl/ | adj. | relating to parts of a country that are outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, etc. | adj. 农村的;乡村的 | B2 |
| suburb | /ˈsʌbɜːb/ | n. | A mainly residential area outside a city's central part | n. 城郊;近郊住宅区 | B1 |
| suburban | /sə'bə:bən/ | adj. | relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs | adj. 郊外的, 郊区的, (贬)偏狭的, 土气的, 见识不广的;n. 郊区居民 | L2 |
| town | /taʊn/ | n. | small city | n. 城镇;市镇;n. 市中心;商业区 | A1 |
| village | /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ | n. | small town in the country | n. 村庄;n. 全村居民 | A1 |
| housing | /'hausiŋ/ | n. | structures collectively in which people are housed; a protective cover designed to contain or support a mechanical component | n. 遮盖, 住房供给, 居留(处), 房屋, 装饰 | L1 |
| accommodation | /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən/ | n. | a place to stay, often a hotel | n. 住处;住宿;n. 和解;迁就性安排 | B1 |
| apartment | /əˈpɑːtmənt/ | n. | set of rooms to live in on one floor of a building | n. 公寓;套房 | A2 |
| residential | /.rezi'denʃəl/ | adj. | used or designed for residence or limited to residences; of or relating to or connected with residence | adj. 住宅的, 与居住有关的 | L2 |
| resident | /ˈrezɪdənt/ | n. | someone who lives in a particular place | n. 居民;住户;adj. 居住的;常驻的 | B2 |
| neighbourhood | /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ | n. | An area around people's homes within a town or city | n. 街区;附近地区;n. 街坊邻里 | A2 |
| congestion | /kənˈdʒestʃən/ | n. | a situation where overcrowding prevents easy movement | n. 交通拥堵;拥塞;n. 鼻塞;充血 | B2 |
| traffic | /ˈtræfɪk/ | n. | amount of activity over a communication system | n. 交通;路上车辆;n. 通信量;网络流量 | A2 |
| transport | /ˈtrænspɔːt/ | n. | to carry things from one place to another | n. 交通运输;交通工具;v. 运输;运送 | A2 |
| transportation | /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən/ | n. | act, system, or business of moving people or goods from one place to another | n. 运输;交通运输系统 | B1 |
| commuter | /kə'mju:tə/ | n. | a passenger train that is ridden primarily by passengers who travel regularly from one place to another; someone who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city | n. 乘公共车辆上下班者, 月季票乘客 | L2 |
| pedestrian | /pəˈdestriən/ | n. | a person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle | n. 行人;adj. 行人的;供步行的 | B2 |
| vehicle | /ˈviːəkl/ | n. | machine (such as a car) that is used to carry things | n. 车辆;交通工具;n. 媒介;表达工具 | B1 |
| highway | /ˈhaɪweɪ/ | n. | a main public road connecting towns or cities | n. 公路;干道 | B1 |
| facility | /fəˈsɪləti/ | n. | piece of equipment or buildings with a special use | n. 设施;专用场所;n. 功能;服务 | B2 |
| amenity | /ə'mi:niti/ | n. | n pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions | n. 便利设施, 适意, 礼仪 | L3 |
| density | /'densiti/ | n. | number of people or things in a particular area | n. 密度 | L2 |
| overcrowded | /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ | adj. | v cause to crowd together too much; v crowd together too much | adj. 挤满的; 过度拥挤的;v. 拥挤(overcrowd的过去式和过去分词) | L3 |
| construction | /kənˈstrʌkʃən/ | n. | act of building something; thing that is built | n. 建设;建造;n. 建造物;构造物 | B2 |
| architecture | /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/ | n. | design and construction of buildings | n. 建筑学;建筑设计;n. 建筑风格 | B1 |
| building | /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ | n. | a structure with walls and a roof | n. 建筑物;楼房;n. 建筑;建造 | A1 |
| skyscraper | /ˈskaɪskreɪpə/ | n. | An extremely tall building with many floors | n. 摩天大楼 | B1 |
| planning | n. | an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action; the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise | n. 计划的制订, 策划, 设计, 规划 | L1 | |
| crowded | /ˈkraʊdɪd/ | adj. | Containing so many people or things that little space remains | adj. 拥挤的;挤满的 | A2 |
| noise | /nɔɪz/ | n. | a loud or unpleasant sound | n. 噪音;响声 | A2 |
| slum | /slʌm/ | n. | a poor urban area with overcrowded housing in bad condition | n. 贫民窟 | B2 |
| development | /dɪˈveləpmənt/ | n. | act or process of growing bigger or more advanced | n. 发展;发育;n. 开发;研制 | B1 |
| landscape | /ˈlændskeɪp/ | n. | a large area of countryside or land that has a particular quality or appearance | n. 风景;地貌;n. 局面;格局 | B2 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明:选取部分字段,释义精简,中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。