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雅思词汇:政府与政治

政府与政治在雅思中主要以公共开支和责任的形式出现:government 是否应承担大学教育费用?应把钱花在 infrastructure 还是艺术上?富国是否应向穷国提供更多 aid?你不需要表达政治立场也能答好,但需要清晰、中性的词汇。

本词组整理了这些词汇。政治制度:democracy、parliament、minister、politician、election、vote、voter、campaign。决策及其影响:policy、reform、regulate、authority、administration。public sector(由国家运营的公共部门)常与私营部门对比,这一组概念在医疗和交通类作文中非常有用。

政府层级同样重要:地方事务用 council,全国层面用 national 和 federal,国家间合作用 international。外交方面有 foreign、diplomat、diplomacy、treaty、conflict、war、peace、military、defence。注意英式拼写 defence,如果你用英式英语写作,应保持拼写一致。

讨论危机与开支时常用 crisis 和 aid:"International aid helps countries recover from natural disasters." 论证优先事项时,"The government should prioritise infrastructure, such as roads and public transport, over military spending"这样的句子能体现词汇广度与控制力。保持论述平衡:考官评判的是语言和推理,而不是你站在哪一方。

很多考生每段都用 "the government should"。可以用 policy、reform、legislation 等名词变换句式,例如 "A reform of the tax system could fund better public services." 这样的小调整能同时提升词汇和语法多样性——评分标准中的两个独立维度。

每天进行简短练习:今天学的词明天隔夜复习,调度器随后逐步拉开间隔。学完后,选一个公共开支领域,写三句话说明政府为什么应加大投入,并使用本词组至少五个单词。

学习这 35 个单词 做个测验

单词音标词性英文释义中文等级
government/ˈɡʌvənmənt/n.group of people and system which rule a nationn. 政府;n. 治理;政体A2
policy/ˈpɒləsi/n.course of action proposed by an organization, etc.n. 政策;方针;原则;n. 保险单;保险合同B1
politics/ˈpɒlətɪks/n.activities influencing the policies of a governmentn. 政治;政治活动;n. 政治观点;政治立场B1
political/pəˈlɪtɪkəl/adj.concerning government or public affairsadj. 政治的;政党的B1
politician/ˌpɒləˈtɪʃən/n.someone who is active in politicsn. 政治家;政客B1
election/ɪˈlekʃən/n.process of choosing someone by votingn. 选举;n. 当选B1
vote/vəʊt/v.to make a choice for or against, as in an electionv. 投票;表决;n. 选票;投票;表决B1
voter/ˈvəʊtə/n.a person who can vote in an electionn. 选民;投票人B2
democracy/dɪˈmɒkrəsi/n.a system of government in which the people of a country can vote to elect who will govern themn. 民主;民主政体;n. 民主国家B2
parliament/ˈpɑːləmənt/n.A country's group of representatives that debates and makes lawsn. 议会;国会B2
minister/ˈmɪnɪstə/n.an official who heads a government departmentn. 部长;大臣;n. 牧师B2
authority/ɔːˈθɒrəti/n.people in positions of power, able to decide thingsn. 权力;职权;n. 当局;主管机构B2
official/əˈfɪʃəl/adj.of or done by someone in authority; formaladj. 官方的;正式的;n. 官员;高级职员B1
public/ˈpʌblɪk/adj.concerning society in generaladj. 公众的;公用的;公开的;adj. 政府的;公立的A2
sector/ˈsektə/n.area that includes certain kinds of jobn. 行业;部门;领域;n. 区域;地段B2
administration/ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/n.the work of running something (e.g., a business)n. 管理;行政工作;n. 政府;行政管理层B2
council/ˈkaʊnsəl/n.group chosen to make decisions about somethingn. 地方议会;委员会B1
campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/n.to work in an organized and active way toward a goaln. 有组织的运动;宣传活动;v. 开展运动;参加活动B1
reform/rɪˈfɔːm/v.to improve society by removing abuse and injusticesv. 改革;改进;n. 改革;改良措施B2
federal/'fedərəl/adj.system of governmentadj. 联邦的, 联合的, 同盟的L1
national/ˈnæʃənəl/adj.concerning a nation as a wholeadj. 国家的;全国的;n. 某国国民B1
international/ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl/adj.done or relating to several countries, not just your ownadj. 国际的;跨国的;n. 国际比赛;国家队选手A2
foreign/ˈfɒrən/adj.being of a different place or countryadj. 外国的;来自国外的;adj. 异物的;外来的A2
diplomat/ˈdɪpləmæt/n.An official who represents their country in relations with other countriesn. 外交官;n. 善于交际的人B2
diplomacy/dɪˈpləʊməsi/n.Managing relations between countries through discussion and negotiationn. 外交;外交活动;n. 交际手腕;圆通C1
treaty/ˈtriːti/n.an agreement between nationsn. 条约;国家间协议B2
conflict/ˈkɒnflɪkt/n.to have opposite ideas; to disagree; to not matchn. 冲突;争执;n. 矛盾;抵触B2
war/wɔː/n.situation where armies fight each othern. 战争;n. 斗争;对抗A2
peace/piːs/n.time when there is no war or fightingn. 和平;和睦;n. 安宁;平静A2
military/ˈmɪlɪtəri/adj.concerning soldiers or the armed forcesadj. 军事的;军队的;n. 军队;武装力量B2
defence/dɪˈfens/n.Action taken to protect someone or something from attack or harmn. 防御;保护;n. 辩护;答辩B2
crisis/ˈkraɪsɪs/n.unstable situation of extreme danger or difficultyn. 危机;紧要关头B2
aid/eɪd/n.to provide things useful or needed by othersn. 援助;救助;v. 帮助;促进B2
infrastructure/'infrəstrʌktʃə/n.the basic structure or features of a system or organization; the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or arean. 基础结构, 基础设施L2
regulate/ˈreɡjuleɪt/v.to make rules or laws to control something or someonev. 监管;管制;v. 调节;控制B2

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