雅思词汇:政府与政治
政府与政治在雅思中主要以公共开支和责任的形式出现:government 是否应承担大学教育费用?应把钱花在 infrastructure 还是艺术上?富国是否应向穷国提供更多 aid?你不需要表达政治立场也能答好,但需要清晰、中性的词汇。
本词组整理了这些词汇。政治制度:democracy、parliament、minister、politician、election、vote、voter、campaign。决策及其影响:policy、reform、regulate、authority、administration。public sector(由国家运营的公共部门)常与私营部门对比,这一组概念在医疗和交通类作文中非常有用。
政府层级同样重要:地方事务用 council,全国层面用 national 和 federal,国家间合作用 international。外交方面有 foreign、diplomat、diplomacy、treaty、conflict、war、peace、military、defence。注意英式拼写 defence,如果你用英式英语写作,应保持拼写一致。
讨论危机与开支时常用 crisis 和 aid:"International aid helps countries recover from natural disasters." 论证优先事项时,"The government should prioritise infrastructure, such as roads and public transport, over military spending"这样的句子能体现词汇广度与控制力。保持论述平衡:考官评判的是语言和推理,而不是你站在哪一方。
很多考生每段都用 "the government should"。可以用 policy、reform、legislation 等名词变换句式,例如 "A reform of the tax system could fund better public services." 这样的小调整能同时提升词汇和语法多样性——评分标准中的两个独立维度。
每天进行简短练习:今天学的词明天隔夜复习,调度器随后逐步拉开间隔。学完后,选一个公共开支领域,写三句话说明政府为什么应加大投入,并使用本词组至少五个单词。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| government | /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ | n. | group of people and system which rule a nation | n. 政府;n. 治理;政体 | A2 |
| policy | /ˈpɒləsi/ | n. | course of action proposed by an organization, etc. | n. 政策;方针;原则;n. 保险单;保险合同 | B1 |
| politics | /ˈpɒlətɪks/ | n. | activities influencing the policies of a government | n. 政治;政治活动;n. 政治观点;政治立场 | B1 |
| political | /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/ | adj. | concerning government or public affairs | adj. 政治的;政党的 | B1 |
| politician | /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃən/ | n. | someone who is active in politics | n. 政治家;政客 | B1 |
| election | /ɪˈlekʃən/ | n. | process of choosing someone by voting | n. 选举;n. 当选 | B1 |
| vote | /vəʊt/ | v. | to make a choice for or against, as in an election | v. 投票;表决;n. 选票;投票;表决 | B1 |
| voter | /ˈvəʊtə/ | n. | a person who can vote in an election | n. 选民;投票人 | B2 |
| democracy | /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/ | n. | a system of government in which the people of a country can vote to elect who will govern them | n. 民主;民主政体;n. 民主国家 | B2 |
| parliament | /ˈpɑːləmənt/ | n. | A country's group of representatives that debates and makes laws | n. 议会;国会 | B2 |
| minister | /ˈmɪnɪstə/ | n. | an official who heads a government department | n. 部长;大臣;n. 牧师 | B2 |
| authority | /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ | n. | people in positions of power, able to decide things | n. 权力;职权;n. 当局;主管机构 | B2 |
| official | /əˈfɪʃəl/ | adj. | of or done by someone in authority; formal | adj. 官方的;正式的;n. 官员;高级职员 | B1 |
| public | /ˈpʌblɪk/ | adj. | concerning society in general | adj. 公众的;公用的;公开的;adj. 政府的;公立的 | A2 |
| sector | /ˈsektə/ | n. | area that includes certain kinds of job | n. 行业;部门;领域;n. 区域;地段 | B2 |
| administration | /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/ | n. | the work of running something (e.g., a business) | n. 管理;行政工作;n. 政府;行政管理层 | B2 |
| council | /ˈkaʊnsəl/ | n. | group chosen to make decisions about something | n. 地方议会;委员会 | B1 |
| campaign | /kæmˈpeɪn/ | n. | to work in an organized and active way toward a goal | n. 有组织的运动;宣传活动;v. 开展运动;参加活动 | B1 |
| reform | /rɪˈfɔːm/ | v. | to improve society by removing abuse and injustices | v. 改革;改进;n. 改革;改良措施 | B2 |
| federal | /'fedərəl/ | adj. | system of government | adj. 联邦的, 联合的, 同盟的 | L1 |
| national | /ˈnæʃənəl/ | adj. | concerning a nation as a whole | adj. 国家的;全国的;n. 某国国民 | B1 |
| international | /ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl/ | adj. | done or relating to several countries, not just your own | adj. 国际的;跨国的;n. 国际比赛;国家队选手 | A2 |
| foreign | /ˈfɒrən/ | adj. | being of a different place or country | adj. 外国的;来自国外的;adj. 异物的;外来的 | A2 |
| diplomat | /ˈdɪpləmæt/ | n. | An official who represents their country in relations with other countries | n. 外交官;n. 善于交际的人 | B2 |
| diplomacy | /dɪˈpləʊməsi/ | n. | Managing relations between countries through discussion and negotiation | n. 外交;外交活动;n. 交际手腕;圆通 | C1 |
| treaty | /ˈtriːti/ | n. | an agreement between nations | n. 条约;国家间协议 | B2 |
| conflict | /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ | n. | to have opposite ideas; to disagree; to not match | n. 冲突;争执;n. 矛盾;抵触 | B2 |
| war | /wɔː/ | n. | situation where armies fight each other | n. 战争;n. 斗争;对抗 | A2 |
| peace | /piːs/ | n. | time when there is no war or fighting | n. 和平;和睦;n. 安宁;平静 | A2 |
| military | /ˈmɪlɪtəri/ | adj. | concerning soldiers or the armed forces | adj. 军事的;军队的;n. 军队;武装力量 | B2 |
| defence | /dɪˈfens/ | n. | Action taken to protect someone or something from attack or harm | n. 防御;保护;n. 辩护;答辩 | B2 |
| crisis | /ˈkraɪsɪs/ | n. | unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | n. 危机;紧要关头 | B2 |
| aid | /eɪd/ | n. | to provide things useful or needed by others | n. 援助;救助;v. 帮助;促进 | B2 |
| infrastructure | /'infrəstrʌktʃə/ | n. | the basic structure or features of a system or organization; the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area | n. 基础结构, 基础设施 | L2 |
| regulate | /ˈreɡjuleɪt/ | v. | to make rules or laws to control something or someone | v. 监管;管制;v. 调节;控制 | B2 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明:选取部分字段,释义精简,中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。