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雅思词汇:犯罪与法律

犯罪与法律是雅思写作 Task 2 的经典话题。常见题目:prison 是否是减少犯罪的最好办法?青少年罪犯是否应区别对待?更多 surveillance 摄像头能否让城市更安全?口语 Part 3 可能问你所在城市是否安全,或人们为什么会违反 law。

本词组为整个司法体系提供精确用词。罪行:crime、offence、theft、robbery、burglary、fraud、vandalism、corruption、violence。用词要精确:theft 指未经许可拿走财物,robbery 涉及暴力或威胁,burglary 指闯入建筑物行窃。人物:criminal、offender、victim、suspect、witness、lawyer、judge、jury。

司法程序有一套专门表达:警方 arrest 嫌疑人、收集 evidence 并 prosecute;court 举行 trial;被告被判 guilty 或 innocent;法官宣布 sentence。惩罚方面,记住 punishment、penalty、fine、prison,注意 fine 既是名词也是动词:"He was fined for speeding."

很多作文会比较惩罚与预防及 rehabilitation(帮助罪犯回归正常生活)。deter 和 deterrent 用于论证严刑能阻止犯罪:"Long sentences may deter some criminals, but they do little to rehabilitate them." 规则相关用 legislation、regulation、enforce、enforcement,最后是整个体系的目标——justice。

构思作文时,要分清各方角色:offender 实施 offence,victim 遭受侵害,court 决定惩罚。如果混淆,比如写成 "the victim was sentenced",会让读者困惑,不仅影响词汇分,也会影响连贯性得分。

每天用卡片学几分钟:新词明天隔夜复习,记牢后复习频率逐渐降低。每次学完,为"Prison is the best way to reduce crime. Do you agree?"这样的题目列提纲,用本词组的词各写一条正反论点。

学习这 44 个单词 做个测验

单词音标词性英文释义中文等级
crime/kraɪm/n.act that is against the law; murder, theft, etc.n. 犯罪;犯罪活动;n. 罪行B1
criminal/ˈkrɪmɪnəl/adj.related to illegal activity; (n) a person who has done a crimeadj. 犯罪的;刑事的;n. 罪犯B1
offence/əˈfens/n.An act that breaks a law or rulen. 违法行为;犯规;n. 冒犯;被冒犯的感受B2
offender/ə'fendə/n.n a person who transgresses moral or civil lawn. 罪犯, 无礼的人, 得罪人的人L2
victim/ˈvɪktɪm/n.person who has suffered from a crime, bad situation, or eventn. 受害者;受骗者B1
police/pəˈliːs/n.people, often in uniforms, who solve crimesn. 警察;警方;v. 维持治安;监督执行A1
law/lɔː/n.system or rules made by the governmentn. 法律;法规;n. 法学A2
legal/ˈliːɡl/adj.concerning the law; allowed by lawadj. 法律的;与法律有关的;adj. 合法的;法律允许的B1
illegal/ɪˈliːɡəl/adj.not allowed by the laws or rulesadj. 非法的;违法的B1
court/kɔːt/n.large, flat area, to play tennis or basketballn. 法院;法庭;n. 球场B1
judge/dʒʌdʒ/v.to form an opinion after careful considerationv. 判断;评价;n. 法官B1
jury/ˈdʒʊəri/n.group of people who listen to information about something and make a decisionn. 陪审团;n. 评审团B2
trial/'traiəl/n.concerning or used in a trialn. 审判, 试验, 艰苦, 麻烦事, 考验;adj. 审讯的, 试验性的L1
prison/ˈprɪzən/n.a place where people who have committed serious crimes are heldn. 监狱;n. 监禁B1
sentence/ˈsentəns/n.set of spoken or written words that make a whole statementn. 句子;n. 刑罚;判决A1
punishment/'pʌniʃmənt/n.the act of punishing someonen. 处罚, 刑罚, 惩罚L2
penalty/'penəlti/n.punishment for committing a crime or offensen. 处罚, 刑罚, 罚款, 罚球, 报应, 不利结果, 妨碍L2
fine/faɪn/adj.good, acceptable or satisfactoryadj. 好的;健康的;优质的;adj. 细小的;纤细的A1
theft/θeft/n.n the act of taking something from someone unlawfullyn. 盗窃, 失窃, 盗窃罪, 赃物L2
robbery/ˈrɒbəri/n.Stealing from a person or place using force or threatsn. 抢劫;抢劫案B2
burglary/'bə:^ləri/n.entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable propertyn. 夜盗行为, 盗窃, 盗窃行为L3
violence/'vaiələns/n.use of physical force to harm someone or damage somethingn. 猛烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行L1
violent/ˈvaɪələnt/adj.done with force; likely to cause physical damageadj. 暴力的;凶暴的;adj. 猛烈的;剧烈的B2
murder/ˈmɜːdə/n.crime of deliberately killing a personn. 谋杀;谋杀案;v. 谋杀B1
fraud/frɔːd/n.Dishonest behaviour intended to gain money or another advantagen. 欺诈;诈骗;n. 骗子;冒牌货B2
corruption/kə'rʌpʃən/n.actions that are illegal or morally questionable, often performed by a person in a position of powern. 腐败, 堕落, 贪污L2
evidence/ˈevɪdəns/n.factual proof that helps to establish the truthn. 证据;迹象;v. 表明;证明B2
witness/'witnis/n.a person who sees something happenn. 证人, 目击者, 证据, 证词;v. 目击, 作证, 证明, 表明L1
arrest/əˈrest/v.to use the law to catch and keep people who committed crimesv. 逮捕;拘捕;n. 逮捕;拘捕B1
suspect/səˈspekt/v.to think that someone may have committed a crime or done something wrongv. 怀疑;猜想;n. 嫌疑人B2
guilty/ˈɡɪlti/adj.having done something bad or illegaladj. 有罪的;有过错的;adj. 内疚的B1
innocent/ˈɪnəsənt/adj.not having done anything wrong or badadj. 无辜的;无罪的;adj. 天真的;单纯的B2
justice/'dʒʌstis/n.quality of being fair, equal, or justn. 正义, 公平, 公正, 正确, 司法, 审判L1
lawyer/ˈlɔɪə/n.a professional who is paid to help people with the lawn. 律师A2
legislation/.ledʒis'leiʃən/n.act or process of writing and passing lawsn. 立法, 法律L1
regulation/ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən/n.official rule that controls how something is donen. 规章;条例;n. 监管;调节B2
enforce/ɪnˈfɔːs/v.Make sure that people obey a law or rulev. 执行;强制实施C1
enforcement/in'fɒ:smənt/n.the act or process of making sure that rules are followedn. 执行, 强制L1
rehabilitation/'ri:(h)ə,bili'teiʃən/n.a scheme to help someone who has been ill or in prison to return to a healthy, independent, and useful lifen. 复原L2
deter/dɪˈtɜː/v.To discourage an action by making it seem difficult or riskyv. 阻止;使打消念头C1
deterrent/di'tə:rənt/adj.tending to deteradj. 制止的, 威慑的, 遏制的;n. 威慑力量(或因素), 制止物L3
surveillance/sə:'veiləns/n.close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)n. 监视, 监督L2
vandalism/'vændəlizm/n.willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of othersn. 故意毁坏文物的行为, 破坏他人财产的行为L3
prosecute/'prɒsikju:t/v.conduct a prosecution in a court of law; bring a criminal action against (in a trial)v. 告发, 起诉, 彻底进行, 执行, 从事;v. 告发, 起诉, 作检察官L2

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