雅思词汇:犯罪与法律
犯罪与法律是雅思写作 Task 2 的经典话题。常见题目:prison 是否是减少犯罪的最好办法?青少年罪犯是否应区别对待?更多 surveillance 摄像头能否让城市更安全?口语 Part 3 可能问你所在城市是否安全,或人们为什么会违反 law。
本词组为整个司法体系提供精确用词。罪行:crime、offence、theft、robbery、burglary、fraud、vandalism、corruption、violence。用词要精确:theft 指未经许可拿走财物,robbery 涉及暴力或威胁,burglary 指闯入建筑物行窃。人物:criminal、offender、victim、suspect、witness、lawyer、judge、jury。
司法程序有一套专门表达:警方 arrest 嫌疑人、收集 evidence 并 prosecute;court 举行 trial;被告被判 guilty 或 innocent;法官宣布 sentence。惩罚方面,记住 punishment、penalty、fine、prison,注意 fine 既是名词也是动词:"He was fined for speeding."
很多作文会比较惩罚与预防及 rehabilitation(帮助罪犯回归正常生活)。deter 和 deterrent 用于论证严刑能阻止犯罪:"Long sentences may deter some criminals, but they do little to rehabilitate them." 规则相关用 legislation、regulation、enforce、enforcement,最后是整个体系的目标——justice。
构思作文时,要分清各方角色:offender 实施 offence,victim 遭受侵害,court 决定惩罚。如果混淆,比如写成 "the victim was sentenced",会让读者困惑,不仅影响词汇分,也会影响连贯性得分。
每天用卡片学几分钟:新词明天隔夜复习,记牢后复习频率逐渐降低。每次学完,为"Prison is the best way to reduce crime. Do you agree?"这样的题目列提纲,用本词组的词各写一条正反论点。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crime | /kraɪm/ | n. | act that is against the law; murder, theft, etc. | n. 犯罪;犯罪活动;n. 罪行 | B1 |
| criminal | /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/ | adj. | related to illegal activity; (n) a person who has done a crime | adj. 犯罪的;刑事的;n. 罪犯 | B1 |
| offence | /əˈfens/ | n. | An act that breaks a law or rule | n. 违法行为;犯规;n. 冒犯;被冒犯的感受 | B2 |
| offender | /ə'fendə/ | n. | n a person who transgresses moral or civil law | n. 罪犯, 无礼的人, 得罪人的人 | L2 |
| victim | /ˈvɪktɪm/ | n. | person who has suffered from a crime, bad situation, or event | n. 受害者;受骗者 | B1 |
| police | /pəˈliːs/ | n. | people, often in uniforms, who solve crimes | n. 警察;警方;v. 维持治安;监督执行 | A1 |
| law | /lɔː/ | n. | system or rules made by the government | n. 法律;法规;n. 法学 | A2 |
| legal | /ˈliːɡl/ | adj. | concerning the law; allowed by law | adj. 法律的;与法律有关的;adj. 合法的;法律允许的 | B1 |
| illegal | /ɪˈliːɡəl/ | adj. | not allowed by the laws or rules | adj. 非法的;违法的 | B1 |
| court | /kɔːt/ | n. | large, flat area, to play tennis or basketball | n. 法院;法庭;n. 球场 | B1 |
| judge | /dʒʌdʒ/ | v. | to form an opinion after careful consideration | v. 判断;评价;n. 法官 | B1 |
| jury | /ˈdʒʊəri/ | n. | group of people who listen to information about something and make a decision | n. 陪审团;n. 评审团 | B2 |
| trial | /'traiəl/ | n. | concerning or used in a trial | n. 审判, 试验, 艰苦, 麻烦事, 考验;adj. 审讯的, 试验性的 | L1 |
| prison | /ˈprɪzən/ | n. | a place where people who have committed serious crimes are held | n. 监狱;n. 监禁 | B1 |
| sentence | /ˈsentəns/ | n. | set of spoken or written words that make a whole statement | n. 句子;n. 刑罚;判决 | A1 |
| punishment | /'pʌniʃmənt/ | n. | the act of punishing someone | n. 处罚, 刑罚, 惩罚 | L2 |
| penalty | /'penəlti/ | n. | punishment for committing a crime or offense | n. 处罚, 刑罚, 罚款, 罚球, 报应, 不利结果, 妨碍 | L2 |
| fine | /faɪn/ | adj. | good, acceptable or satisfactory | adj. 好的;健康的;优质的;adj. 细小的;纤细的 | A1 |
| theft | /θeft/ | n. | n the act of taking something from someone unlawfully | n. 盗窃, 失窃, 盗窃罪, 赃物 | L2 |
| robbery | /ˈrɒbəri/ | n. | Stealing from a person or place using force or threats | n. 抢劫;抢劫案 | B2 |
| burglary | /'bə:^ləri/ | n. | entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable property | n. 夜盗行为, 盗窃, 盗窃行为 | L3 |
| violence | /'vaiələns/ | n. | use of physical force to harm someone or damage something | n. 猛烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行 | L1 |
| violent | /ˈvaɪələnt/ | adj. | done with force; likely to cause physical damage | adj. 暴力的;凶暴的;adj. 猛烈的;剧烈的 | B2 |
| murder | /ˈmɜːdə/ | n. | crime of deliberately killing a person | n. 谋杀;谋杀案;v. 谋杀 | B1 |
| fraud | /frɔːd/ | n. | Dishonest behaviour intended to gain money or another advantage | n. 欺诈;诈骗;n. 骗子;冒牌货 | B2 |
| corruption | /kə'rʌpʃən/ | n. | actions that are illegal or morally questionable, often performed by a person in a position of power | n. 腐败, 堕落, 贪污 | L2 |
| evidence | /ˈevɪdəns/ | n. | factual proof that helps to establish the truth | n. 证据;迹象;v. 表明;证明 | B2 |
| witness | /'witnis/ | n. | a person who sees something happen | n. 证人, 目击者, 证据, 证词;v. 目击, 作证, 证明, 表明 | L1 |
| arrest | /əˈrest/ | v. | to use the law to catch and keep people who committed crimes | v. 逮捕;拘捕;n. 逮捕;拘捕 | B1 |
| suspect | /səˈspekt/ | v. | to think that someone may have committed a crime or done something wrong | v. 怀疑;猜想;n. 嫌疑人 | B2 |
| guilty | /ˈɡɪlti/ | adj. | having done something bad or illegal | adj. 有罪的;有过错的;adj. 内疚的 | B1 |
| innocent | /ˈɪnəsənt/ | adj. | not having done anything wrong or bad | adj. 无辜的;无罪的;adj. 天真的;单纯的 | B2 |
| justice | /'dʒʌstis/ | n. | quality of being fair, equal, or just | n. 正义, 公平, 公正, 正确, 司法, 审判 | L1 |
| lawyer | /ˈlɔɪə/ | n. | a professional who is paid to help people with the law | n. 律师 | A2 |
| legislation | /.ledʒis'leiʃən/ | n. | act or process of writing and passing laws | n. 立法, 法律 | L1 |
| regulation | /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən/ | n. | official rule that controls how something is done | n. 规章;条例;n. 监管;调节 | B2 |
| enforce | /ɪnˈfɔːs/ | v. | Make sure that people obey a law or rule | v. 执行;强制实施 | C1 |
| enforcement | /in'fɒ:smənt/ | n. | the act or process of making sure that rules are followed | n. 执行, 强制 | L1 |
| rehabilitation | /'ri:(h)ə,bili'teiʃən/ | n. | a scheme to help someone who has been ill or in prison to return to a healthy, independent, and useful life | n. 复原 | L2 |
| deter | /dɪˈtɜː/ | v. | To discourage an action by making it seem difficult or risky | v. 阻止;使打消念头 | C1 |
| deterrent | /di'tə:rənt/ | adj. | tending to deter | adj. 制止的, 威慑的, 遏制的;n. 威慑力量(或因素), 制止物 | L3 |
| surveillance | /sə:'veiləns/ | n. | close observation of a person or group (usually by the police) | n. 监视, 监督 | L2 |
| vandalism | /'vændəlizm/ | n. | willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others | n. 故意毁坏文物的行为, 破坏他人财产的行为 | L3 |
| prosecute | /'prɒsikju:t/ | v. | conduct a prosecution in a court of law; bring a criminal action against (in a trial) | v. 告发, 起诉, 彻底进行, 执行, 从事;v. 告发, 起诉, 作检察官 | L2 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明:选取部分字段,释义精简,中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。