雅思词汇:经济与金钱
雅思中的经济题通常关乎日常生活而非理论:贫富差距是否在扩大?政府是否应提高 taxation 来支付公共服务?为什么年轻人越来越难以 afford 住房?写作 Task 1 也常出现支出、价格或 income 相关的数据,所以本词组对两项写作任务都有帮助。
本词组汇集了从国家到个人层面谈论金钱所需的词汇。国家经济:economy、economic、growth、inflation、recession、currency、subsidy。注意 economic(与经济有关的,如 economic growth)和 economical(节省的)的区别,economics 则是"经济学"这门学科。不平等话题:poverty、wealth、wealthy、inequality、welfare、prosperity。
个人理财同样重要。saving、spending、expenditure、debt、mortgage、rent、insurance 可以用来讨论家庭如何管理开支。affordable 在住房和教育题中尤其常用:"Governments should build more affordable homes in big cities." 对比生活必需品和非必需品时,可以用 luxury。
谈论国家时,developing 和 developed 是中性、通用的说法,standard of living 描述人们生活的舒适程度。地道搭配能让文章更自然:interest rates rise and fall、governments impose taxes、take out a mortgage、pay off a debt。
写作 Task 1 的很多图表展示家庭支出、物价或平均收入的变化。把本词组与趋势词组结合使用,可以写出 "Expenditure on housing rose sharply, while spending on luxury goods remained stable." 这样的句子:准确的话题名词加上恰当的趋势动词,描述就会清晰有条理。
每天用卡片练习几分钟:新词明天隔夜复习,之后随着熟悉程度逐步拉开间隔。学完后,试着用五句话概括你所在国家的经济状况,涵盖物价、就业和生活成本,并用上本词组的单词。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| economy | /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ | n. | total of all the goods, services, and wages in an area | n. 经济;经济体;n. 节约;节省 | B1 |
| economic | /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ | adj. | having to do with trade, industry, and money | adj. 经济的;经济学的 | B1 |
| economics | /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ | n. | The study of how societies produce, distribute, and use resources | n. 经济学;n. 经济因素;经济可行性 | B1 |
| inflation | /ɪnˈfleɪʃən/ | n. | continual rise in the prices of products | n. 通货膨胀;n. 充气 | B2 |
| recession | /rɪˈseʃən/ | n. | A period when economic activity falls and many businesses struggle | n. 经济衰退;n. 退缩;消退 | B2 |
| growth | /ɡrəʊθ/ | n. | act of growing | n. 增长;增加;n. 生长;成长;发展 | B1 |
| poverty | /ˈpɒvəti/ | n. | being poor | n. 贫穷;贫困;n. 匮乏;贫乏 | B1 |
| wealth | /welθ/ | n. | large amount of money and possessions | n. 财富;富有;n. 大量;丰富 | B2 |
| wealthy | /ˈwelθi/ | adj. | having a great amount of money or property | adj. 富有的;富裕的 | B2 |
| tax | /tæks/ | n. | money taken by a government from its people | n. 税;税款;v. 对……征税 | B1 |
| taxation | /tækˈseɪʃən/ | n. | The system or process of collecting money through taxes | n. 征税;税制 | C1 |
| subsidy | /ˈsʌbsədi/ | n. | Money provided to support activities or keep prices lower | n. 补贴;补助金 | C1 |
| debt | /det/ | n. | the sum of money owed to somebody that is not yet paid | n. 债务;欠款;n. 人情债;恩情 | B2 |
| interest | /ˈɪntrəst/ | n. | to make someone want to know about something | n. 兴趣;关注;n. 利息 | A2 |
| currency | /ˈkʌrənsi/ | n. | a money system that a country uses | n. 货币;通货;n. 流传;通行 | B1 |
| exchange | /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ | v. | to give things of similar value to each other | v. 交换;兑换;n. 交换;交流 | B1 |
| financial | /faɪˈnænʃəl/ | adj. | involving money | adj. 财务的;财政的;金融的 | B1 |
| bank | /bæŋk/ | n. | a financial institution that keeps or lends money | n. 银行;n. 河岸;湖岸 | A1 |
| saving | /ˈseɪvɪŋ/ | n. | a reduction in the money, time, or resources used | n. 节省;节省的金额;n. 储蓄;存款 | B1 |
| spending | /'spendiŋ/ | n. | the act of spending or disbursing money | n. 经费, 开销 | L1 |
| expenditure | /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə/ | n. | amount of money used during a certain time | n. 支出;花费;n. 精力或时间的消耗 | C1 |
| cost | /kɒst/ | n. | price you pay for something | n. 费用;成本;v. 价钱为;使花费 | A2 |
| price | /praɪs/ | n. | to determine or set the cost of something | n. 价格;价钱;n. 代价 | A1 |
| afford | /əˈfɔːd/ | v. | to have enough money to pay for something | v. 买得起;承担得起;v. 提供;给予 | B1 |
| affordable | /əˈfɔːdəbl/ | adj. | Not too expensive for someone to pay for | adj. 负担得起的 | B2 |
| luxury | /ˈlʌkʃəri/ | n. | something expensive or costly that is not needed which is bought for pleasure | n. 奢华;奢侈的享受;n. 奢侈品;非必需的享受 | B1 |
| inequality | /.ini'kwɒliti/ | n. | situation where things are not equal/fair | n. 不平等, 不同, 不平坦, 不平均;n. 不平等, 不等式 | L2 |
| capital | /ˈkæpɪtəl/ | n. | main, or major | n. 首都;首府;省会;n. 资本;资金 | B1 |
| fund | /fʌnd/ | n. | to supply money for something | n. 基金;专用资金;n. 资金;财力 | B2 |
| welfare | /ˈwelfeə/ | n. | a government program to help poor people | n. 健康幸福;福祉;n. 社会福利;救济 | B2 |
| benefit | /ˈbenɪfɪt/ | n. | good result or effect, something advantageous | n. 好处;益处;v. 使受益;得益于 | B1 |
| insurance | /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/ | n. | payments to cover potential loss/damage/injury/death | n. 保险;n. 防范措施;保障 | B1 |
| mortgage | /ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ/ | n. | long-term loan from a bank for buying property | n. 住房抵押贷款;v. 将房产抵押借款 | B2 |
| rent | /rent/ | n. | to pay money for the use of something | n. 租金;v. 租用;租借 | A2 |
| tourism | /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ | n. | traveling to new places (e.g., abroad, for vacations) | n. 旅游业;观光旅游 | A2 |
| developing | /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/ | adj. | Becoming more economically advanced, often with improving living standards | adj. 发展中的;adj. 逐渐形成的;成长中的 | B1 |
| developed | /di'veləpid/ | adj. | being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful; (used of societies) having high industrial development | adj. 发达的(国家或地区);成熟的 | L2 |
| prosperity | /prɒˈsperəti/ | n. | The state of being economically successful and financially secure | n. 繁荣;富足 | C1 |
| standard | /ˈstændəd/ | n. | accepted level of quality; an official measurement | n. 标准;水准;adj. 标准的;通常的 | B1 |
| living | /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ | adj. | Alive now, rather than dead or without life | adj. 活着的;有生命的;n. 生计;谋生收入 | B1 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明:选取部分字段,释义精简,中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。