雅思词汇:商业
只要题目涉及公司、购物或广告,商业词汇就派得上用场。写作 Task 2 会问:是否应限制 advertisement?大公司是否权力过大?人们是否买了超出需要的东西?口语 Part 3 考官可能问:为什么某些 brand 如此受欢迎?小店如何与连锁巨头竞争?
本词组整理了商业核心词汇。机构类型:company、corporation、enterprise、startup;相关人群:entrepreneur、investor、shareholder、consumer、customer、client。customer 指在商店购买商品的顾客,client 通常指购买专业服务(如律师咨询)的客户。资金相关:profit、loss、revenue、investment、budget、loan。
市场与竞争是常见主题。用 supply 和 demand 解释价格,用 competition 和 competitor 描述竞争,用 monopoly 指一家公司垄断市场,merger 表示两家公司合并。贸易方面,记住 export、import、retail、wholesale:retail 是面向公众零售,wholesale 是向其他企业大批量批发。
广告题需要 marketing、advertise、brand。注意词族:advertise a product(动词)、run an advertisement(名词,一则广告)、work in advertising(广告行业)。很多考生把 advertising 当作"一则广告"使用,这一区别值得专门练习。其他有用的词对还有 manufacture 与 manufacturer、commerce 与 commercial。
在写作 Task 1 中,商业词汇也适用于销售额、出口或公司利润相关的图表。"Revenue from exports rose steadily, while profits from retail fell" 这样的句子把话题词与趋势语言结合起来,正是考官希望看到的组合。
每天用卡片进行简短练习:今天学的词明天隔夜复习,之后随着记忆巩固间隔越来越长。为了主动运用,挑一家你熟悉的公司,用几句话说明它如何盈利、竞争对手是谁、如何营销产品,并使用本词组的单词。
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 英文释义 | 中文 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| business | /ˈbɪznəs/ | n. | the making, buying, or selling goods or services for money | n. 商业;生意;n. 企业;商店 | A1 |
| company | /ˈkʌmpəni/ | n. | a business that sells things or provides services | n. 公司;n. 陪伴;作伴 | A1 |
| corporation | /ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃən/ | n. | big company or a combination of several companies | n. 大公司;法人企业;n. 市政当局 | B2 |
| enterprise | /'entəpraiz/ | n. | a business or organization | n. 企业, 事业心, 进取心, 干事业 | L1 |
| industry | /ˈɪndəstri/ | n. | factories or businesses that make certain products | n. 工业;制造业;n. 行业 | B1 |
| commercial | /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ | adj. | radio or television advertisement | adj. 商业的;营利的;n. 电视或广播广告 | B2 |
| commerce | /ˈkɒmɜːs/ | n. | The activity of buying and selling goods and services | n. 商业;贸易 | B2 |
| market | /ˈmɑːkɪt/ | n. | public event where people sell goods on tables | n. 集市;市场;n. 市场需求;交易领域 | A1 |
| marketing | /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/ | n. | activities that identify customers' needs and promote products or services | n. 市场营销 | B2 |
| advertise | /ˈædvətaɪz/ | v. | to show how good a product is, to make people buy | v. 为…做广告;登广告;v. 登广告征求或招聘 | B1 |
| advertisement | /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ | n. | a picture, short film, text, etc., that tells people about a product or service | n. 广告 | A2 |
| brand | /brænd/ | n. | name given to a product or service | n. 品牌;牌子;v. 给…贴负面标签 | B1 |
| consumer | /kənˈsjuːmə/ | n. | person who uses goods or services; individual buyer | n. 消费者 | B1 |
| customer | /ˈkʌstəmə/ | n. | someone who buys goods or services from a business | n. 顾客;客户 | A2 |
| client | /ˈklaɪənt/ | n. | person paying for professional services | n. 客户;委托人;n. 客户端 | B1 |
| product | /ˈprɒdʌkt/ | n. | item that can be bought | n. 产品;制品;n. 产物;结果 | A2 |
| service | /ˈsɜːvɪs/ | n. | to maintain a piece of machinery so it runs well | n. 服务;公共服务;v. 检修;保养 | A2 |
| profit | /ˈprɒfɪt/ | n. | to earn money from something | n. 利润;盈利;v. 获利;受益 | B1 |
| loss | /lɒs/ | n. | experience or state of failing to have or keep | n. 丧失;遗失;损失;n. 亏损;亏损额 | B1 |
| revenue | /'revinju:/ | n. | money that is made by or paid to a business | n. 收入, 岁入, 税收, 税务局 | L1 |
| investment | /ɪnˈvestmənt/ | n. | something purchased hoping its value will increase | n. 投资;投资款;n. 时间或精力的投入 | B2 |
| investor | /in'vestə/ | n. | a person who gives money to help a business grow for a profit | n. 投资者 | L1 |
| shareholder | /'ʃєə.həuldə/ | n. | someone who owns a part of a corporation | n. 股东 | L2 |
| competition | /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ | n. | fighting against others when trying to win something | n. 竞争;n. 比赛;竞赛 | A2 |
| competitor | /kəmˈpetɪtə/ | n. | someone taking part in a race, business, etc. | n. 竞争对手;n. 参赛者;选手 | B1 |
| monopoly | /məˈnɒpəli/ | adv. | complete control of the market for a service or product | n. 垄断;独占;n. 垄断企业 | C1 |
| merger | /'mə:dʒə/ | n. | n the combination of two or more commercial companies; n an occurrence that involves the production of a union | n. 合并, 归并 | L2 |
| supply | /səˈplaɪ/ | v. | to give or sell goods to others for their use | v. 供应;提供;n. 供应;供应量 | B1 |
| demand | /dɪˈmɑːnd/ | n. | to strongly request someone to do something; insist | n. 需求;n. 坚决要求 | B1 |
| export | /ɪkˈspɔːt/ | v. | to send goods to be sold in another country | v. 出口;输出;n. 出口;出口商品 | B1 |
| import | /im'pɒ:t/ | n. | to bring items or goods from one country into another | n. 进口货, 进口, 输入, 含义, 重要性;v. 输入, 引入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要 | L2 |
| trade | /treɪd/ | n. | to buy, sell and exchange goods in business | n. 贸易;交易;v. 买卖;交换 | B1 |
| retail | /ˈriːteɪl/ | n. | concerning the business of selling products to the public for personal use | n. 零售;adj. 零售的 | B2 |
| wholesale | /'həulseil/ | n. | the selling of goods to merchants; sell in large quantities | n. 批发;adj. 批发的, 大规模的 | L3 |
| manufacturer | /.mænju'fæktʃərə/ | n. | a person or company that makes a product | n. 制造业者, 厂商 | L1 |
| manufacture | /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃə/ | v. | to produce large numbers of products in a factory | v. 大量制造;生产;n. 制造;生产 | B2 |
| entrepreneur | /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/ | n. | someone who starts a business and takes financial risks | n. 创业者;企业家 | B2 |
| startup | the act of setting in operation | L3 | |||
| franchise | /ˈfræntʃaɪz/ | n. | permission to trade under another company's name, or that business | n. 特许经营权;加盟店;n. 选举权 | C1 |
| strategy | /ˈstrætədʒi/ | n. | careful plan or method for achieving a goal | n. 策略;战略 | B2 |
| budget | /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ | n. | amount of money planned to be spent on something | n. 预算;预算额;v. 编制预算 | B2 |
| finance | /ˈfaɪnæns/ | n. | control of money a person/business has access to | n. 金融;资金管理;n. 资金 | B2 |
| loan | /ləʊn/ | n. | something (usually money) that is given to someone for a period of time with a promise that it will be returned | n. 贷款;借款;n. 借用;出借 | B1 |
其他话题
数据来源与致谢
- 词目和英文释义: New General Service List 1.2 & New Academic Word List 1.2 — Browne, C., Culligan, B. & Phillips, J., CC BY-SA 4.0
- 音标、CEFR 等级、例句和中文释义: Word Atlas — Word Atlas contributors — CC BY 4.0. 修改说明:选取部分字段,释义精简,中文转换为繁体。
- 补充音标和中文翻译: ECDICT (MIT)
- 复习排程: ts-fsrs (MIT)
- 话题分组和所有页面文字均为本站原创。